Ubiquiti AirOS Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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The Network Page allows the administrator to setup bridge or routing functionality.

AirOS powered devices can operate in bridge or router mode. The IP configuration as

described below is required for device management purposes. IP addresses can either

be retrieved from a DHCP server or configured manually. Use the

Network

menu to

configure the IP settings.

AirOS Network Mode selection

Network Mode

: specify the operating network mode for the device.

The mode depends on the network topology requirements:

Bridge

operating mode is selected by default as it is widely used by the

subscriber stations, while connecting to Access Point or using WDS. In this

mode the device will act as a transparent bridge and will operate in Layer 2.

There will be no network segmentation while broadcast domain will be the

same. Bridge mode will not block any broadcast or multicast traffic. Additional

Firewall

settings can be configured for Layer 2 packet filtering and access

control in

Bridge

mode.

Router

operating mode can be configured in order to operate in Layer 3 to

perform routing and enable network segmentation – wireless clients will be on

different IP subnet.

Router

mode will block broadcasts while it is not

transparent.

AirOS supports Multicast packet pass-through in

Router

mode.

AirOS powered

Router

can act as DHCP server and use Network Address

Translation (Masquerading) feature which is widely used by the Access Points.

NAT will act as the firewall between LAN and WLAN networks. Addition

Firewall

settings can be configured for Layer 3 packet filtering and access control in

Router

mode.

Bridge Mode

Bridge mode Network Settings

In bridge mode, the AirOS will simply forwards the network management and data

packets to the client PC without any intelligent routing. For some applications, this can

provide a more efficient and simple network solution. WLAN (wireless) and LAN

(Ethernet) interfaces belong to the same network segment which has the same IP

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address space. WLAN and LAN interfaces form the virtual

bridge

interface while acting

as the

bridge

ports. The

bridge

has assigned IP settings for management purposes:

Bridge IP Address

: The device can be set for static IP or can be set to obtain an IP

address from the DHCP server it is connected to.

One of the IP assignment modes must be selected:

DHCP – choose this option to assign the dynamic IP address, Gateway and DNS

address by the local DHCP server.

Static – choose this option to assign the static IP settings for the

bridge

interface.

IP Address

: enter the IP address of the device while

Static Bridge IP Address

mode is

selected. This IP will be used for the AirOS device management purposes.

IP Address

and

Netmask

settings should consist with the address space of the network

segment where AirOS device resides. If the device IP settings and administrator PC

(which is connected to the device in wired or wireless way) IP settings will use

different address space, the AirOS device will become unreachable.

Netmask

: This is a value which when expanded into binary provides a mapping to

define which portions of IP address groups can be classified as host devices and

network devices. Netmask defines the address space of the network segment where

AirOS device resides. 255.255.255.0 (or /24)

Netmask

is commonly used among many

C Class IP networks.

Gateway IP

: Typically, this is the IP address of the host router which provides the

point of connection to the internet. This can be a DSL modem, Cable modem, or a

WISP gateway router. AirOS device will direct the packets of data to the gateway if the

destination host is not within the local network.

Gateway IP

address should be from the same address space (on the same network

segment) as the AirOS device.

Primary/Secondary DNS IP

: The Domain Name System (DNS) is an internet "phone

book" which translates domain names to IP addresses. These fields identify the server

IP addresses of where the AirOS device looks for the translation source.

Primary DNS

server IP address should be specified for the device management

purposes.

Secondary DNS

server IP address is optional. It is used as the fail-over in case the

primary DNS server will become unresponsive.

DHCP Fallback IP

: In case the

Bridge

is placed in Dynamic IP Address mode (DHCP)

and is unable to obtain an IP address from a valid DHCP server, it will fall back to the

static IP address listed here.

In case the IP settings of the AirOS powered device are unknown, they can be

retrieved with the help of the [UBNT_Discovery_Utility Ubiquiti Discovery Utility]. Multi-

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platform

Utility

should be started on the administrator PC which resides on the same

network segment as the AirOS device.

AirOS system will return to the default IP configuration (192.168.1.20/255.255.255.0)

If the

Reset to defaults

routine is initiated.

Spanning Tree Protocol

: Multiple interconnected bridges create larger networks

using the IEEE 802.1d

Spanning Tree Protocol

(

STP

), which is used for finding the

shortest path within network and to eliminate loops from the topology.

If the

STP

is turned on, the AirOS

Bridge

will communicate with other network devices

by sending and receiving

Bridge Protocol Data Units

(BPDU).

STP

should be turned off

(selected by default) when the AirOS device is the only bridge on the LAN or when

there are no loops in the topology as there is no sense for the

bridge

to participate in

the

Spanning Tree Protocol

in this case.

Click

Change

button to save the changes.

Router Mode

AP-Router mode Network Settings

IP Address

: This is the IP address to be represented by the wireless interface.

Netmask

: This is used to define the host and device classification for the chosen IP

address range. 255.255.255.0 is a typical value.

Enable NAT

: Network Address Translation (NAT) enables packets to be sent from the

outside world to the wireless interface IP address and then sub-routed to other client

devices residing on it's local network.

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Enable DHCP Server

: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server assigns IP

addresses to clients who will associate to the wireless interface.

Range Start/End

: This range will determine the IP addresses given out by the DHCP

server to associated client devices.

Lease Time

: The IP addresses given out by the DHCP server will only be valid for the

duration specified by the lease time. Increasing the time ensure client operation

without interrupt, but could introduce potential conflicts. Lowering the lease time will

avoid potential address conflicts, but might cause more slight interruptions to client

while the acquire new IP addresses from the server.

Port Forwarding

: Port forwarding allows specific ports of the WLAN IP address to be

forwarded to different IP addresses on the same network. This is useful for

applications such as FTP servers, gaming, etc. where different host systems want to be

seen using a single common IP address.

PPPoE

: Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) is a virtual private and secure

connection between two systems which enables encapsulated data transport. It is

commonly used as the medium for subscribers to connect to Internet Service

Providers.

Enable DMZ

: The Demilitarized zone (DMZ) can be used as a place where services

can be placed such as Web Servers, Proxy Servers, and E-mail Servers such that these

services can still serve the local network and are at the same time isolated from it for

additional security.

MULITCAST ROUTING SETTINGS

With a multicast design, applications can send one copy of each packet and address it

to the group of computers that want to receive it. This technique addresses packets to

a group of receivers rather than to a single receiver, and it depends on the network to

forward the packets to only the networks that need to receive them

Advanced

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This page handles advanced routing and wireless settings. The Advanced options page

allows you to manage advanced settings that influence on the device performance and

behavior. The advanced wireless settings are dedicated for more technically advanced

users who have a sufficient knowledge about wireless LAN technology. These settings

should not be changed unless you know what effect the changes will have on your

device.

Advanced Wireless Setting

Rate Algorithm

: defines data rate algorithm convergence.

•

Optimistic Algorithm is aggressive enough to move to a higher rate but yet tries

to conservatively capture the fluctuations of the RSSI. It starts with the highest

possible rate and then decreases till the rate can be supported while

periodically transmitting packets at higher rates and computing the

transmission time.

•

Conservative Algorithm is less sensitive to individual packet failure as it is based

on a function of number of successful and erroneous

transmission/retransmission over a sampling period. It steps down to a lower

rate after continuous packet failure and steps up after number of successful

packets.

•

EWMA Algorithm is trying to move to a higher rate but is continuously

monitoring the packet failure counters.

The 802.11 data rates include 1,2,5.5,11Mbps (802.11b) and

6,9,12,18,24,36,48,54Mbps (802.11a/g). The Rate Algorithm has a critical impact on

performance in outdoor links as generally lower data rates are less immune to noise

while higher rates are more immune, but are capable of higher throughput. The

Rate

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