Ubiquiti AirOS Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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Current Status of the DHCP leases

•

Show DHCP Leases

selection shows the current status of the leased IP

addresses by the device’s DHCP server.

Interface name

shows from which device interface DHCP client which has

specified

MAC Address

is connected.

Remaining Lease time

shows for how long the leased

IP address

will be valid

and reserved for particular DHCP client.

The list can be updated using the

Reload

button.

Active Firewall entries in Bridge mode

•

Show Firewall

selection lists active firewall entries in the

FIREWALL chain

of

the standard

ebtables

filter table

, while the device is operating in

Bridge

mode.

The list can be updated using the

Reload

button.

Active Firewall entries in Router mode

Active firewall entries in the

FIREWALL chain

of the standard

iptables

filter table

are listed if the device is operating in

Router

mode.

The list can be updated using the

Reload

button.

IP and MAC level access control and packet filtering in AirOS is implemented

using

iptables

(routing) and

ebtables

(bridging) firewall which protects the

resources of a private network from outside threats by preventing unauthorized

access and filtering specified types of network communication.

More information is provided in the

Link Setup

section.

Active Port Forward entries in Router mode

•

Show Port Forward

selection lists active port forward entries in the

PORTFORWARD chain

of the standard

iptables

nat table

, while the device is

operating in

Router

mode.

The list can be updated using the

Reload

button.

Port Forwarding creates a transparent tunnel through a firewall/NAT, granting

an access from the WAN side to the particular network service running on the

LAN side.

More information is provided in the

Link Setup

section.

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Tools

Tools: provides network utilities in pop-up window:

Wireless link throughput estimation with Network Speed Test utility

•

Speed Test

: This utility allows for testing the connection speed to and from

any reachable IP address on the AirOS device network. It should be used for

the preliminary throughput estimation between two network devices. If both

devices are powered by AirOS, the estimation is more precise, otherwise only

rough estimation is provided while using ICMP packet exchange routines.

Access credentials (administrator username -

User

and

Password

) of the

remote system should be provided for the communication between two AirOS

powered devices.

Remote system IP can be selected from the list which is generated

automatically (

Select destination IP

) or can be

specified manually

.

There are 4 options available for the traffic

direction

while estimating the

throughput:

* Estimate the incoming maximal throughput (Rx) while selecting receive

option;

* Estimate the outgoing maximal throughput (Tx) while selecting transmit

option;

* First estimate the incoming (Rx) and afterwards the outgoing (Tx) maximal

throughput while selecting both option;

* Estimate the incoming (Rx) and the outgoing (Tx) maximal throughput at the

same time while selecting duplex option.

Test

Duration

and

Data amount

values can be specified while defining the test

execution time criteria. If both criteria are specified, the test will stop after any

of the criteria is met.

The test is started using the

Run Test

button.

Wireless link quality estimation with Network Ping utility

•

Ping

: This utility will ping other devices on the network directly from the AirOS

device.

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Ping utility should be used for the preliminary link quality and packet latency

estimation between two network devices using the ICMP packets.

Remote system IP can be selected from the list which is generated

automatically (

Select destination IP

) or can be

specified manually

.

The size of the ICMP packets can be specified in the

Packet size

field.

Estimation is done after the number of ICMP packets (specified in

Packet count

field) is transmitted/received.

Packet loss statistics and latency time evaluation is provided after the test is

completed.

The test is started using the

Start

button.

Finding the route across the network with Traceroute utility

•

TraceRoute

: Allows tracing the hops from the AirOS device to a selected

outgoing IP address. It should be used for the finding the route taken by ICMP

packets across the network to the

Destination host

.

Resolution of the IP addresses (symbolically rather than numerically) can be

enabled by selecting the

Resolve IP address

option.

The test is started using the

Start

button.

Wireless Site Survey utility

•

Site Survey

: utility will search for wireless networks in range on all the

supported channels while device is operating as

Access Point

or

Station

. In

Station mode channel list can be modified. Refer to the section Link Setup for

the details on channel list customization.

Site Survey will report

MAC Address

,

SSID

,

Encryption

type (if any),

Signal

Strength

,

Frequency

and wireless

channel

used for each Access Point which is

found.

The Site Survey can be updated using the

Scan

button.

Antenna Alignment

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Antenna alignment Tool

Antenna Alignment

utility allows the installer to point and optimize the antenna in

the direction of maximum link signal. The "RSSI Range" slider bar allows the range of

the meter to be either increased or reduced. If the range is reduced, the color change

will be more sensitive to signal fluctuations.

Click the

Align Antenna

button and the new pop-up window with signal strength

indicator will appear.

RSSI Range

slider can be used to change an offset of the maximum indicator value.

Window reloads every second displaying current value of the signal strength.

The content of the

Main

page can be updated by using the

Refresh

button.

Link Setup Page

The Link Setup Page contains everything needed by the operator to setup the wireless

part of the link. This includes regulatory requirements, channel and frequency settings,

device mode, data rates, and wireless security.

Basic Wireless Settings

Station Basic Wireless Settings

The general wireless settings, such as wireless device BSSID, country code, output

power, 802.11 mode and data rates can be configured in this section.

Wireless Mode

: specify the operating mode of the device. The mode depends on the

network topology requirements. There are 4 operating modes supported in AirOS v3.0

software:

1.

Station

: This is a client mode, which can connect to an AP.

It is common for a bridging application to an AP. In

Station

mode device acts as

the Subscriber Station while connecting to the Access Point which is primary

defined by the SSID and forwarding all the traffic to/from the network devices

connected to the ethernet interface.

The specifics of this mode is that Subscriber Station is using

arpnat

technique

which may result lack of transparency while passing-through

broadcast

packets

in

bridge

mode.

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2.

Station WDS

: WDS stands for Wireless Distribution System. Station WDS

should be used while connecting to the Access Point which is operating in WDS

mode.

Station WDS mode enables packet forwarding at layer 2 level.

The benefit of

Station WDS

is improved performance and faster throughput.

Station WDS - Bridge

mode is fully transparent for all the Layer2 protocols.

Refer to the section Network Settings for detailed Bridge network mode

configuration information.

3.

Access Point

: This is an 802.11 Access Point mode.

AP WDS Basic Wireless Settings

4.

Access Point WDS

: This is an 802.11 Access Point which allows for layer 2

bridging with Station WDS devices using the WDS protocol.

WDS allows you to bridge wireless traffic between devices which are operating

in

Access Point

mode. Access Point is usually connected to a wired network

(Ethernet LAN) allowing wireless connection to the wired network. By

connecting Access Points to one another in an Extended Service Set using the

WDS, distant Ethernets can be bridged into a single LAN.

It is very important that network loops should not be created with either WDS

bridges or combinations of wired (Ethernet) connections and WDS bridges. Tree

or Star shape network topology should be used in all WDS use-cases (i.e. if AP2

and AP3 are specified as the WDS peers of AP1, AP2 should not be specified as

the WDS peer of AP3 and AP3 should not be specified as the WDS peer of AP2

in any case). Mesh and Ring network topologies are not supported by WDS and

should be avoided in all the use cases.

Note:

Station WDS

and

AP WDS

mode uses the WDS protocol which is not defined as

the standard thus compatibility issues between equipment from different vendors may

arise.

MAC Clone

option makes the Station fully transparent while acting as the laptop or PC

which is connected to the AirOS device LAN port (Ethernet interface). MAC of the client

computer is cloned and copied on top of the AirOS device, so it can be made to

connect to the same device and maintain any MAC ID security based privileges from

the server.

MAC Cloning option is effective for one and the only PC connected to the subscriber

station’s LAN port as the station will authenticate and associate to the chosen Access

Point using the MAC address of the PC.

WDS Peers

: WDS Stations and/or WDS Access Points connected to the AirOS

powered Access Point should be specified in this list in order to create a wireless

network infrastructure - Wireless Distribution System (applicable for AP WDS mode

only).

Enter the MAC address of the paired WDS device in the WDS Peer entry field. One MAC

address should be specified for Point-to-Point connection use case, up to six WDS

Peers can be specified for Point-to-Multi-Point connection use case.

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