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applications for the Internet, Intranet and other complex,
distributed network.
L
LAN
Local Area Network a computer network that spans a relatively
small area sharing common resources. Most LANs are confined to
a single building or group of buildings.
N
NAT
Network Address Translator generally applied by a router, that
makes many different IP addresses on an internal network appear
to the Internet as a single address. For routing messages properly
within your network, each device requires a unique IP address.
But the addresses may not be valid outside your network. NAT
solves the problem. When devices within your network request
information from the Internet, the requests are forwarded to the
Internet under the router's IP address. NAT distributes the
responses to the proper IP addresses within your network.
Network
A network consists of a collection of two or more devices, people,
or components that communicate with each other over physical or
virtual media.
The most common types of network are:
LAN
– (local area network):
Computers are in close distance to
one another.
They are usually in the same office space, room, or
building.
WAN
– (wide area network):
The computers are in different
geographic locations and are connected by telephone lines or radio
waves.
NWay Protocol
A network protocol that can automatically negotiate the highest
possible transmission speed between two devices.
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P
PING
Packet Internet Groper, a utility used to determine whether a
specific IP address is accessible. It functions by sending a packet
to the specified address and waits for a reply. It is primarily used
to troubleshoot Internet connections.
PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. PPPoE is a specification for
connecting the users on an Ethernet to the Internet through a
common broadband medium, such as DSL or cable modem. All
the users over the Ethernet share a common connection.
Protocol
Communication on the network is governed by sets of rules called
protocols . Protocols provide the guidelines devices use to
communicate with each other, and thus they have different
functions. Some protocols are responsible for formatting and
presenting and presenting data that will be transferred from file
server memory to the file server’s net work adapter Others are
responsible for filtering information between networks and
forwarding data to its destination. Still other protocols dictate how
data is transferred across the medium, and how servers respond to
workstation requests and vice versa. Common network protocols
responsible for the presentation and formatting of data for a
network operating system are the Internetwork Packet Exchange
(IPX) protocol or the Internet Protocol (IP). Protocols that dictate
the format of data for transferors the medium include token-
passing and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision
Detection (CSMA/CD),implemented as token-ring, ARCNET,
FDDI, or Ethernet. The Router Information Protocol (RIP),a part
of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
suite, forwards packets from one network to another using the
same network protocol.
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R
RARP
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol, a TCP/IP protocol that
allows a physical address, such as an Ethernet address, to be
translated into an IP address.
RJ-45
RJ-45 connector is used for Ethernet cable connections.
Router
A router is the network software or hardware entity charged with
routing packets between networks.
S
Server
It is a simple computer that provides resources, such as files or
other information.
SMTP
The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used for Internet mail.
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol. SNMP was designed to
provide a common foundation for managing network devices.
Station
In LANs, a station consists of a device that can communicate data
on the network. In FDDI, a station includes both physical nodes
and addressable logical devices. Workstations, single-attach
stations, dual-attach stations, and concentrators are FDDI stations.
Subnet mask
In TCP/IP, the bits used to create the subnet are called the subnet
mask.
T
(TCP/IP)
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is a widely used
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transport protocol that connects diverse computers of various
transmission methods. It was developed y the Department of
Defense to connect different computer types and led to the
development of the Internet.
Transceiver
A transceiver joins two network segments together. Transceivers
can also be used to jo in a segment that uses one medium to a
segment that uses a different medium. On a 10BASE-5 network,
the transceiver connects the network adapter or other network
device to the medium. Transceivers also can be used on 10BASE-
2 or 10BASE-T networks to attach devices with AUI ports.
U
UDP
The User Datagram Protocol is a connectionless protocol that
resides above IP in the TCP/IP suite
ULP
The upper-layer protocol refers to Application Layer protocols
such as FTP,SNMP, and SMTP.
User Name
The USERNAME is the unique name assigned to each person
who has access to the LAN.
Utility
It is a program that performs a specific task.
UTP
Unshielded twisted-pair. UTP is a form of cable used by all access
methods. It consists of several pairs of wires enclosed in an
unshielded sheath.
W
WAN
Wide-Area Network. A wide-area network consists of groups of
interconnected computers that are separated by a wide distance
and
communicate
with
each
other
via
common
carrier
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telecommunication techniques.
Windows
Windows is a graphical user interface for workstations that use
DOS.
Workgroup
A workgroup is a group of users who are physically located
together and connected to the same LAN, or a group of users who
are scattered throughout an organization but are logically
connected by work and are connected to the same network group.
Workstations
Workstation refers to the intelligent computer on the user’s
desktop. This computer may be an Intel-based PC, a Macintosh, or
a UNIX-based workstation. The workstation is any intelligent
device a user works from.

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