Zyxel P-660HN-F1Z Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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Chapter 15 Quality of Service (QoS)

P-660HN-FxZ Series User’s Guide

233

Port

Select the check box and enter the port number of the source. 0 means any

source port number. See

Appendix E on page 371

for some common services

and port numbers.

MAC

Select the check box and enter the source MAC address of the packet.

MAC Mask

Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s

MAC address should match.

Enter “f” for each bit of the specified source MAC address that the traffic’s MAC

address should match. Enter “0“ for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC

address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set

the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet

with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.

Exclude

Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from

this classifier.

Destination

Address

Select the check box and enter the destination IP address in dotted decimal

notation.

Subnet

Netmask

Enter the destination subnet mask. Refer to the appendix for more information

on IP subnetting.

Port

Select the check box and enter the port number of the destination. 0 means any

source port number. See

Appendix E on page 371

for some common services

and port numbers.

MAC

Select the check box and enter the destination MAC address of the packet.

MAC Mask

Type the mask for the specified MAC address to determine which bits a packet’s

MAC address should match.

Enter “f” for each bit of the specified destination MAC address that the traffic’s

MAC address should match. Enter “0“ for the bit(s) of the matched traffic’s MAC

address, which can be of any hexadecimal character(s). For example, if you set

the MAC address to 00:13:49:00:00:00 and the mask to ff:ff:ff:00:00:00, a packet

with a MAC address of 00:13:49:12:34:56 matches this criteria.

Exclude

Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from

this classifier.

Others

Service

This field simplifies classifier configuration by allowing you to select a predefined

application. When you select a predefined application, you do not configure the

rest of the filter fields.

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is a signaling protocol used in Internet

telephony, instant messaging and other VoIP (Voice over IP) applications.

Select the check box and select

VoIP(SIP)

from the drop-down list box to

configure this classifier for traffic that uses SIP.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is an Internet file transfer service that operates on

the Internet and over TCP/IP networks. A system running the FTP server

accepts commands from a system running an FTP client. The service allows

users to send commands to the server for uploading and downloading files.

Select the check box and select

FTP

from the drop-down list box to configure

this classifier for FTP traffic.

Protocol

Select this option and select the protocol (

TCP

UDP

) or select

User defined

and enter the protocol (service type) number. 0 means any protocol number.

Packet Length

Select this option and enter the minimum and maximum packet length (from 28

to 1500) in the fields provided.

DSCP

Select this option and specify a DSCP (DiffServ Code Point) number between 0

and 63 in the field provided.

Table 85

Advanced > QoS > Class Setup: Edit (continued)

LABEL

DESCRIPTION

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Chapter 15 Quality of Service (QoS)

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234

15.4

The QoS Monitor Screen

Use this screen to view the ZyXEL Device’s QoS packet statistics. Click

Advanced > QoS >

Monitor

. The screen appears as shown.

Figure 141

Advanced > QoS > Monitor

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Ethernet Priority

Select this option and select a priority level (between 0 and 7) from the drop

down list box.

"0" is the lowest priority level and "7" is the highest.

VLAN ID

Select this option and specify a VLAN ID number between 2 and 4094.

Physical Port

Select this option and select a LAN port.

Remote Node

Select this option and select a remote node from the drop down list box. When

the WAN type is

Ethernet

in the

WAN > Internet Access Setup

screen, you

can select

WAN1

only.

Exclude

Select this option to exclude the packets that match the specified criteria from

this classifier.

Back

Click this to return to the previous screen without saving.

Apply

Click this to save your changes.

Cancel

Click this to restore your previously saved settings.

Table 85

Advanced > QoS > Class Setup: Edit (continued)

LABEL

DESCRIPTION

Table 86

Advanced > QoS > Monitor

LABEL

DESCRIPTION

Priority Queue

This shows the priority queue number.

Traffic assigned to higher index queues gets through faster while traffic in lower

index queues is dropped if the network is congested.

Pass

This shows how many packets mapped to this priority queue are transmitted

successfully.

Drop

This shows how many packets mapped to this priority queue are dropped.

Poll Interval(s)

Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics in this field.

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Chapter 15 Quality of Service (QoS)

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15.5

QoS Technical Reference

This section provides some technical background information about the topics covered in this

chapter.

15.5.1

IEEE 802.1Q Tag

The IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to identify the

VLAN membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the 12-bit VLAN ID and

3-bit user priority. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the

information that devices need to process the frame across the network.

IEEE 802.1p specifies the user priority field and defines up to eight separate traffic types. The

following table describes the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802.1d standard (which

incorporates the 802.1p).

15.5.2

IP Precedence

Similar to IEEE 802.1p prioritization at layer-2, you can use IP precedence to prioritize

packets in a layer-3 network. IP precedence uses three bits of the eight-bit ToS (Type of

Service) field in the IP header. There are eight classes of services (ranging from zero to seven)

in IP precedence. Zero is the lowest priority level and seven is the highest.

Set Interval

Click this to apply the new poll interval you entered in the

Poll Interval(s)

field.

Stop

Click this to stop refreshing statistics.

Table 86

Advanced > QoS > Monitor (continued)

LABEL

DESCRIPTION

Table 87

IEEE 802.1p Priority Level and Traffic Type

PRIORITY

LEVEL

TRAFFIC TYPE

Level 7

Typically used for network control traffic such as router configuration messages.

Level 6

Typically used for voice traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter (jitter is the variations in

delay).

Level 5

Typically used for video that consumes high bandwidth and is sensitive to jitter.

Level 4

Typically used for controlled load, latency-sensitive traffic such as SNA (Systems

Network Architecture) transactions.

Level 3

Typically used for “excellent effort” or better than best effort and would include important

business traffic that can tolerate some delay.

Level 2

This is for “spare bandwidth”.

Level 1

This is typically used for non-critical “background” traffic such as bulk transfers that are

allowed but that should not affect other applications and users.

Level 0

Typically used for best-effort traffic.

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Chapter 15 Quality of Service (QoS)

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15.5.3

DiffServ

QoS is used to prioritize source-to-destination traffic flows. All packets in the flow are given

the same priority. You can use CoS (class of service) to give different priorities to different

packet types.

Differentiated Services (DiffServ) is a Class of Service (CoS) model that marks packets so that

they receive specific per-hop treatment at DiffServ-compliant network devices along the route

based on the application types and traffic flow. Packets are marked with DiffServ Code Points

(DSCPs) indicating the level of service desired. This allows the intermediary DiffServ-

compliant network devices to handle the packets differently depending on the code points

without the need to negotiate paths or remember state information for every flow. In addition,

applications do not have to request a particular service or give advanced notice of where the

traffic is going.

DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior

DiffServ defines a new Differentiated Services (DS) field to replace the Type of Service

(TOS) field in the IP header. The DS field contains a 2-bit unused field and a 6-bit DSCP field

which can define up to 64 service levels. The following figure illustrates the DS field.

DSCP is backward compatible with the three precedence bits in the ToS octet so that non-

DiffServ compliant, ToS-enabled network device will not conflict with the DSCP mapping.

The DSCP value determines the forwarding behavior, the PHB (Per-Hop Behavior), that each

packet gets across the DiffServ network. Based on the marking rule, different kinds of traffic

can be marked for different kinds of forwarding. Resources can then be allocated according to

the DSCP values and the configured policies.

15.5.4

Automatic Priority Queue Assignment

If you enable QoS on the ZyXEL Device, the ZyXEL Device can automatically base on the

IEEE 802.1p priority level, IP precedence and/or packet length to assign priority to traffic

which does not match a class.

The following table shows you the internal layer-2 and layer-3 QoS mapping on the ZyXEL

Device. On the ZyXEL Device, traffic assigned to higher priority queues gets through faster

while traffic in lower index queues is dropped if the network is congested.

DSCP (6 bits)

Unused (2 bits)

Table 88

Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS Mapping

PRIORITY

QUEUE

LAYER 2

LAYER 3

IEEE 802.1P USER

PRIORITY

(ETHERNET

PRIORITY)

TOS (IP

PRECEDENCE)

DSCP

IP PACKET

LENGTH (BYTE)

000000

>1100

Page 240 / 421

Chapter 15 Quality of Service (QoS)

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001110

001100

001010

001000

250~1100

010110

010100

010010

010000

011110

011100

011010

011000

<250

100110

100100

100010

100000

101110

101000

110000

111000

Table 88

Internal Layer2 and Layer3 QoS Mapping

PRIORITY

QUEUE

LAYER 2

LAYER 3

IEEE 802.1P USER

PRIORITY

(ETHERNET

PRIORITY)

TOS (IP

PRECEDENCE)

DSCP

IP PACKET

LENGTH (BYTE)

Rate

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