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173
Glossary
Internet
The Internet is a wide-area network (
WAN
) linking several million users around the
world. A number of
Protocols
have been created for exchanging data, and these are
known collectively as
TCP/IP
protocol stack. All participants on the Internet can be iden-
tified by an
IP address
. Servers are addressed by
Domain names
(e.g. siemens.com).
Domain names are assigned to IP addresses by the Domain Name Service (
DNS
).
These are some of the main Internet services:
u
Electronic mail (e-mail)
u
The World Wide Web (WWW)
u
File transfer (FTP)
u
Discussion forums (Usenet / Newsgroups)
Internet service provider
An Internet service provider offers access to the
Internet
for a fee.
Internet telephony
Transmission of voice via the
Internet
(Voice over
IP
).
IP
Internet protocol
The IP
Protocol
is one of the
TCP/IP
protocols. It is responsible for addressing parties in a
network using
IP addresses
and routes data from the sender to the recipient. It decides
the paths along which the data packets travel from the sender to the recipient in a com-
plex network (routing).
IP address
The IP address is the unique network-wide address of a network component in a net-
work based on the
TCP/IP
protocols (e.g. in a local area network (
LAN
) or on the
Inter-
net
). The IP address has four parts (each with up to three-position digit sequences) sep-
arated by full stops (e.g. 10.0.0.2). The IP address comprises the network number and
the computer number. Depending on the
Subnet mask
, one, two or three parts form the
network number; the remainder form the computer number. You can find out the IP
address of your PC using the
ipconfig
command.
IP addresses can be assigned manually (see
Static IP address
) or automatically (see
Dynamic IP address
).
On the Internet
Domain names
are normally used instead of the IP addresses. The
DNS
is used to assign domain names to IP addresses.
The Giga762SX WLAN dsl has a
Private IP address
and a
Public IP
address
.
IPoA
IP over ATM
Page 172 / 185
174
Glossary
IP pool range
The Giga762SX WLAN dsl's IP address pool defines a range of
IP addresses
that the
router's
DHCP server
can use to assign
Dynamic IP addresses
.
ISP
(Internet Service Provider)
Internet service provider
LAN
Local network
A local area network (or local network) links network components so that they can
exchange data and share resources. The physical range is restricted to a particular area
(a site). As a rule the users and operators are identical. A local network can be connected
to other local networks or to a wide-area network (
WAN
) such as the
Internet
.
With the Giga762SX WLAN dsl you can set up a wired local
Ethernet
network and a wire-
less
IEEE 802.11g
standard network (
WLAN
).
Local IP address
See
Private IP address
MAC address
Media Access Control
The MAC address is used for the globally unique identification of a
Network adapters
. It
comprises six parts (hexadecimal numbers), e.g. 00-90-96-34-00-1A. The MAC address
is assigned by the network adapter manufacturer and should not be changed.
Mbps
Million bits per second
Specification of the transfer speed in a network.
MER
MAC Encapsulated Routing
MRU
Maximum Receive Unit
The MRU defines the maximum user data volume within a data packet.
MTU
Maximum Transmission Unit
The MTU defines the maximum length of a data packet that can be carried over the net-
work at any one time.
Page 173 / 185
175
Glossary
NAT
Network Address Translation
NAT is a method for converting IP addresses (
Private IP addresses
) within a network into
one or several
Public IP addresses
on the
Internet
. With NAT, several network compo-
nents in a
LAN
can share the router's public IP address to connect to the Internet. The
network components of the local network are hidden behind the router's IP address reg-
istered on the Internet. Because of this security function, NAT is frequently used as part
of the
Firewall
of a network. If you want to make services on a PC in the local network
available on the Internet despite NAT, you can configure the Giga762SX WLAN dsl as a
Virtual server
.
Network
A network is a group of devices connected in wired or wireless mode so that they can
share resources such as data and peripherals. A general distinction is made between
local networks (
LANs
) and wide-area networks (
WANs
).
Network adapter
The network adapter is the hardware device that creates the connection between a net-
work component and a local network. The connection can be wired or wireless. An Eth-
ernet network card is an example of a wired network adapter. The Gigaset PC Card 54
and the Gigaset USB Adapter 54 are examples of wireless network adapters.
A network adapter has a unique address, the
MAC address
.
Public IP address
The public
IP address
(also known as the global IP address) is a network component's
address on the
Internet
. It is assigned by the
Internet service provider
. Devices that cre-
ate a link from a LAN to the Internet, such as the Giga762SX WLAN dsl, have a public
and a
Private IP address
.
PBX
Private Branch Exchange
PBX is the English acronym for a public branch exchange, which allows connection and
configuration of extensions and telephone functions.
Port
Data is exchanged between two applications in a network across a port. The port
number addresses an application within a network component. The combination of
IP
address
/port number uniquely identifies the recipient or sender of a data packet within
a network. Some applications (e.g. Internet services such as HTTP or FTP) work with
fixed port numbers; others are allocated a free port number when-
ever they need one.
Page 174 / 185
176
Glossary
Port forwarding
In port forwarding, the Giga762SX WLAN dsl directs data packets from the
Internet
that
are addressed to a particular
Port
to the corresponding port of the appropriate network
component. This enables servers within the local network to offer services on the Inter-
net without them needing a
Public IP address
.
See also:
Virtual server
PPPoA
Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM
PPPoA is a
Protocol
for connecting network components in a local Ethernet network to
the
Internet
via an ATM network.
PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over
Ethernet
PPPoE is a
Protocol
for connecting network components in a local Ethernet network to
the
Internet
via a modem.
Print server
See
Server
Private IP address
The private
IP address
(also known as the local IP address) is a network component's
address within the local network (
LAN
). The network operator can assign any address
he or she wants. Devices that act as a link from a local network, such as the Giga762SX
WLAN dsl, have a private and a
Public IP address
.
Protocol
A protocol describes the agreements for communicating in a network. It contains rules
for opening, administering and closing a connection, as well as in relation to data for-
mats, time frames and possibly troubleshooting. Communication between two applica-
tions requires different protocols at various levels, for example the
TCP/IP
protocols for
the
Internet
.
PVC
Permanent Virtual Circuit
A permanent virtual circuit is a logical connection in an ATM network.
QoS
Quality of Service
QoS allows network traffic to be sorted according to priorities. When this parameter is
activated, Internet telephony is given priority over other data traffic. This is a precondi-
tion for problem-free calls.
Radio network
See
WLAN
Page 175 / 185
177
Glossary
Rekey interval
The rekey interval is the period after which new keys are automatically generated for
data encryption with
WPA-PSK
.
Remote management
Remote management refers to the ability to manage a network from a network compo-
nent that is actually outside the local network (
LAN
).
Repeater
A repeater extends the range of a wireless local network by relaying data from the
Access point
to additional PCs or
Network adapters
.
Roaming
Roaming extends the range of a wireless LAN by using several
Access points
that use the
same
SSID
and the same radio channel and are linked via
Ethernet
. The PCs in the net-
work can switch dynamically between several access points without losing the existing
network connection.
Router
A router directs data packets from one local network (
LAN
) to another via the fastest
route. A router makes it possible to connect networks that have different network tech-
nologies. For example, it can link a local network with
Ethernet
or
WLAN
technology to
the
Internet
.
See also:
Bridge
,
Switch
,
Hub
,
Gateway
Server
A server makes a service available to other network components (
Clients
). The term
"server" is often used to refer to a computer or PC. However, it can also mean an appli-
cation that provides a particular service such as
DNS
, Web server, file server or print
server.
SIP
Session Initiation Protocol
SIP is a standard for data transfer in Internet telephony (
VoIP
). It describes how a call is
carried over the data network and which components plus which transport and signal-
ling protocols are involved.
SIP proxy server
The SIP proxy server sets up the connection to the Internet for Internet telephony (
VoIP
)
for all connected
SIP clients
.
SIP client
A SIP client enables Internet telephony (
VoIP
). It can be installed as
software on a PC and thereby enable Internet telephony via the local

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