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Page 166 / 185 Scroll up to view Page 161 - 165
168
Glossary
Glossary
Access point
An access point, such as the Giga762SX WLAN dsl, is the centre of a wireless local net-
work (
WLAN
). It handles the connection of the wireless linked network components and
regulates the data traffic in the wireless network. The access point also serves as an
interface to other networks, for example an existing
Ethernet
LAN or via a modem to the
Internet
. The operating mode of wireless networks with an access point is called
Infrastructure mode
.
Ad-hoc mode
Ad-hoc mode describes wireless local networks (
WLANs
), in which the network compo-
nents set up a spontaneous network without an
Access point
, for example several Note-
books in a conference. All the network components are peers. They must have a wire-
less
Network adapter
.
ADSL /ADSL2+
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) and ADSL 2+ are special types of
DSL
data
transfer technology.
AES
Advanced Encryption Standard
AES is an encryption system, which was published as a standard in October 2000 by the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It is used for
WPA
encryption. A
distinction is made between the three AES variants AES-128, AES-192 and AES-256 on
the basis of the key length.
Auto connect
Auto connect means that applications such as Web browser, Messenger and E-mail
automatically open an
Internet
connection when they are launched. This can lead to
high charges if you are not using
Flat rate
. To avoid this, you can select the manual con-
nect option on the Giga762SX WLAN dsl.
Bridge
A bridge connects several network segments to form a joint network, for example to
make a
TCP/IP
network. The segments can have different physical characteristics, for
example different cabling as with
Ethernet
and wireless LANs. Linking individual seg-
ments via bridges allows local networks of practically unlimited size.
See also:
Switch
,
Hub
,
Router
,
Gateway
Broadcast
A broadcast is a data packet not directed to a particular recipient but to all the network
components in the network. The Giga762SX WLAN dsl does not pass on broadcast pack-
ets; they always remain within the local network (
LAN
) it administers.
Page 167 / 185
169
Glossary
BSSID
Basic Service Set ID
BSSID permits unique differentiation of one wireless network (
WLAN
) from another. In
Infrastructure mode
, the BSSID is the
MAC address
of the
Access point
. In wireless net-
works in
Ad-hoc mode
, the BSSID is the MAC address of any one of the participants.
Client
A client is an application that requests a service from a
server
. For example, an HTTP cli-
ent on a PC in a local network requests data, i.e. Web pages from an HTTP server on the
Internet
. Frequently the network component (e.g. the PC) on which the client applica-
tion is running is also called a client.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCP handles the automatic assignment of
IP addresses
to network components. It was
developed because of the complexity involved in defining IP addresses in large networks
– especially the
Internet
– as participants frequently move, drop out or new ones join.
A DHCP server automatically assigns the connected network components (DHCP
Cli-
ents
)
Dynamic IP addresses
from a defined
IP pool range
thus saving a great deal of con-
figuration work. In addition, the address blocks can be used more effectively: Since not
all participants are on the network at the same time, the same IP address can be
assigned to different network components in succession as and when required.
The Giga762SX WLAN dsl includes a DHCP server and uses it to assign automatic IP
addresses to PCs in the local network. You can specify that the IP addresses for certain
PCs are never changed.
DHCP server
See
DHCP
DMZ
Demilitarised Zone
DMZ describes a part of a network that is outside the
Firewall
. A DMZ is set up, as it
were, between a network you want to protect (e.g. a
LAN
) and a non-secure network
(e.g. the
Internet
). A DMZ is useful if you want to offer
Server
services on the Internet
that are not to be run from behind the firewall for security reasons or if Internet appli-
cations do not work properly behind a firewall. A DMZ permits unrestricted access from
the Internet to only one or a few network components, while the other network com-
ponents remain secure behind the firewall.
Page 168 / 185
170
Glossary
DNS
Domain Name System
DNS permits the assignment of IP addresses to computers or
Domain names
that are
easier to remember. A DNS server must administer this information for each
LAN
with
an
Internet
connection. As soon as a page on the Internet is called up, the browser
obtains the corresponding IP address from the DNS server so that it can establish the
connection.
On the Internet, the assignment of domain names to IP addresses follows a hierarchical
system. A local PC only knows the address of the local name server. This in turn knows
all the addresses of the PCs in the local network and the superordinate name servers,
which again know addresses or the next superordinate name servers.
DNS server
See
DNS
Domain name
The domain name is the reference to one or more Web servers on the
Internet
. The
domain name is mapped via the
DNS
service to the corresponding
IP address
.
DoS attack
Denial of Service
A DoS attack is a particular form of hacker attack directed at computers and networks
with a connection to the
Internet
. The aim is not so much to steal data but to paralyse
the computer or network so severely that the network resources are no longer available.
A typical hacker attack involves making a remote computer announce that it is acting for
the paralysed computer, for example, and receive the data intended for you.
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line
DSL is a data transfer technique in which a connection to the
Internet
can be run at high
speed over normal telephone lines. A DSL connection is provided by an
Internet service
provider
. It requires a DSL modem.
Dynamic IP address
A dynamic
IP address
is assigned to a network component automatically by
DHCP
. This
means that the IP address of a network component can change with every login or at
certain intervals.
See also:
Static IP address
Page 169 / 185
171
Glossary
DynDNS
Dynamic DNS
The assignment of
Domain names
and
IP addresses
is handled by the Domain Name
Service (
DNS
). This service is now enhanced with so-called Dynamic DNS (DynDNS) for
Dynamic IP addresses
. This enables the use of a network component with a dynamic IP
address as a
Server
on the Internet. DynDNS ensures that a service can always be
addressed on the
Internet
under the same domain name regardless of the current IP
address.
Encryption
Encryption protects confidential information against unauthorised access. With an
encryption system, data packets can be sent securely over a network. The Giga762SX
WLAN dsl offers
WEP
encryption and
WPA
for secure data transfer over wireless net-
works.
Ethernet
Ethernet is a network technology for local networks (
LANs
) defined by the
IEEE
as stand-
ard IEEE 802.3. Ethernet uses a base-band cable with a transfer rate of 10 or 100
Mbps
or 1 Gbps.
File Server
See
Server
Firewall
Firewalls are used by network operators as protection against unauthorised external
access. This involves a whole bundle of hardware and software actions and technologies
that monitor and control the data flow between the private network to be protected and
an unprotected network such as the
Internet
.
See also:
NAT
Flat rate
Flat rate is a particular billing system for
Internet
connections. The
Internet service pro-
vider
charges a monthly fee regardless of the duration and number of logins.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
FTP is a protocol for exchanging files on the Internet. You can use it, for example, to offer
files for downloading or to receive files from other users.
Full duplex
Data transfer mode in which data can be sent and received at the
same time.
See also:
Half duplex
Page 170 / 185
172
Glossary
Gateway
A gateway is a device for connecting networks with completely different architectures
(addressing, protocols, application interfaces etc.). Although it is not totally correct, the
term is also used as a synonym for
Router
.
Global IP address
See
Public IP address
Half duplex
Operating mode for data transmission. Only one side can send and/or receive data at
the same time.
See also:
Full duplex
HTTP proxy
An HTTP proxy is a
Server
that network components use for their
Internet
traffic. All
requests are sent via the proxy.
Hub
A hub connects several network components in a star-topology network by sending all
the data it receives from one network component to all the other network components.
See also:
Switch
,
Bridge
,
Router
,
Gateway
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
The IEEE is an international body for defining network standards, especially for stand-
ardising
LAN
technologies, transfer protocols, data transfer speeds and wiring.
IEEE 802.11
IEEE
802.11 is a standard for wireless LANs operating in the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz band. In
so-called
Infrastructure mode
, terminals can be connected to a base station (
Access
point
) or they can connect with each other spontaneously (
Ad-hoc mode
).
IGMP
Internet Group Management Protocol
IGMP is an Internet
Protocol
that enables an Internet computer to inform neighbouring
routers that it is a member of a multicast group. With multicasting, a computer can send
content on the Internet to several other computers that have registered an interest in
the first computer's content. Multicasting can, for example, be used for multimedia pro-
grams for media streaming to recipients that have set up multicast group membership.
Infrastructure mode
Infrastructure mode is a way of operating wireless local networks (
WLANs
) in which an
Access point
handles the data traffic. Network components cannot establish a direct
connection with each other as is the case in
Ad-hoc mode
.

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