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Page 351 / 427 Scroll up to view Page 346 - 350
P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA Series User’s Guide
Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
351
2
Click
Network
in the icon bar.
•
Select
Automatic
from the
Location
list.
•
Select
Built-in Ethernet
from the
Show
list.
•
Click the
TCP/IP
tab.
3
For dynamically assigned settings, select
Using DHCP
from the
Configure
list.
Figure 212
Macintosh OS X: Network
4
For statically assigned settings, do the following:
•
From the
Configure
box, select
Manually
.
•
Type your IP address in the
IP Address
box.
•
Type your subnet mask in the
Subnet mask
box.
•
Type the IP address of your ZyXEL Device in the
Router address
box.
5
Click
Apply Now
and close the window.
6
Turn on your ZyXEL Device and restart your computer (if prompted).
Verifying Settings
Check your TCP/IP properties in the
Network
window.
Page 352 / 427
P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA Series User’s Guide
352
Appendix C Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
Page 353 / 427
P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA Series User’s Guide
Appendix D IP Addresses and Subnetting
353
A
PPENDIX
D
IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses, IP address classes and subnet masks. You use subnet
masks to subdivide a network into smaller logical networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
An IP address has two parts: the network number and the host ID. Routers use the network
number to send packets to the correct network, while the host ID identifies a single device on
the network.
An IP address is made up of four octets, written in dotted decimal notation, for example,
192.168.1.1. (An octet is an 8-digit binary number. Therefore, each octet has a possible range
of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in decimal.)
There are several classes of IP addresses. The first network number (192 in the above
example) defines the class of IP address. These are defined as follows:
•
Class A: 0 to 127
•
Class B: 128 to 191
•
Class C: 192 to 223
•
Class D: 224 to 239
•
Class E:
240 to 255
IP Address Classes and Hosts
The class of an IP address determines the number of hosts you can have on your network.
•
In a class A address the first octet is the network number, and the remaining three octets
are the host ID.
•
In a class B address the first two octets make up the network number, and the two
remaining octets make up the host ID.
•
In a class C address the first three octets make up the network number, and the last octet
is the host ID.
Page 354 / 427
P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA Series User’s Guide
354
Appendix D IP Addresses and Subnetting
The following table shows the network number and host ID arrangement for classes A, B and
C.
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 for
example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that network
(192.168.1.255 for example). Therefore, to determine the total number of hosts allowed in a
network, deduct two as shown next:
•
A class C address (1 host octet: 8 host bits) can have 2
8
– 2, or 254 hosts.
•
A class B address (2 host octets: 16 host bits) can have 2
16
– 2, or 65534 hosts.
A class A address (3 host octets: 24 host bits) can have 2
24
– 2 hosts, or approximately 16
million hosts.
IP Address Classes and Network ID
The value of the first octet of an IP address determines the class of an address.
•
Class A addresses have a
0
in the leftmost bit.
•
Class B addresses have a
1
in the leftmost bit and a
0
in the next leftmost bit.
•
Class C addresses start with
1 1 0
in the first three leftmost bits.
•
Class D addresses begin with
1 1 1 0
. Class D addresses are used for multicasting, which
is used to send information to groups of computers.
•
There is also a class E. It is reserved for future use.
The following table shows the allowed ranges for the first octet of each class. This range
determines the number of subnets you can have in a network.
Table 133
Classes of IP Addresses
IP ADDRESS
OCTET 1
OCTET 2
OCTET 3
OCTET 4
Class A
Network number
Host ID
Host ID
Host ID
Class B
Network number
Network number
Host ID
Host ID
Class C
Network number
Network number
Network number
Host ID
Table 134
Allowed IP Address Range By Class
CLASS
ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST OCTET (BINARY)
ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST
OCTET (DECIMAL)
Class A
0
0000000 to
0
1111111
0 to 127
Class B
10
000000 to
10
111111
128 to 191
Class C
110
00000 to
110
11111
192 to 223
Class D
1110
0000 to
1110
1111
224 to 239
Class E
(reserved)
1111
0000 to
1111
1111
240 to 255
Page 355 / 427
P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA Series User’s Guide
Appendix D IP Addresses and Subnetting
355
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits
are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation).
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the
IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the
corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID.
Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The “natural”
masks for class A, B and C IP addresses are as follows.
Subnetting
With subnetting, the class arrangement of an IP address is ignored. For example, a class C
address no longer has to have 24 bits of network number and 8 bits of host ID. With
subnetting, some of the host ID bits are converted into network number bits.
By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from
the leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of
32 bits.
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a
continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the
number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing
a “/” followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128.
The following table shows all possible subnet masks for a class “C” address using both
notations.
Table 135
“Natural” Masks
CLASS
NATURAL MASK
A
255.0.0.0
B
255.255.0.0
C
255.255.255.0
Table 136
Alternative Subnet Mask Notation
SUBNET MASK
SUBNET MASK “1” BITS
LAST OCTET BIT VALUE
DECIMAL
255.255.255.0
/24
0000 0000
0
255.255.255.128
/25
1000 0000
128
255.255.255.192
/26
1100 0000
192
255.255.255.224
/27
1110 0000
224

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