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115
Ethernet
The most popular LAN communication technology.
There are a variety of types of Ethernet, including 10
Mbps (traditional Ethernet), 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet),
and 1,000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet). Most Ethernet
networks use Category 5 cabling to carry information,
in the form of electrical signals, between devices.
Ethernet is an implementation of CSMA/CD that
operates in a bus or star topology.
F
Fast Ethernet
Fast Ethernet, also called 100BASE-T, operates at 10
or 100Mbps per second over UTP, STP, or fiber-optic
media.
Firewall
Firewall is considered the first line of defense in
protecting private information. For better security, data
can be encrypted. A system designed to prevent
unauthorized access to or from a private network.
Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized
Internet
users
from
accessing
private
networks
connected to the Internet, especially Intranets all
messages entering or leaving the intranet pass through
the firewall, which examines each message and blocks
those that do not meet the specified security criteria.
G
Gateway
A gateway links computers that use different data
formats together.
Group
Groups consist of several user machines that have
similar characteristics such as being in the same
department.
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116
H
HEX
Short for hexadecimal refers to the base-16 number
system, which consists of 16 unique symbols: the
numbers 0 to 9 and the letters A to F. For example, the
decimal number 15 is represented as F in the
hexadecimal numbering system. The hexadecimal
system is useful because it can represent every byte (8
bits) as two consecutive hexadecimal digits. It is easier
for humans to read hexadecimal numbers than binary
numbers.
I
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.
Intranet
This is a private network, inside an organization or
company, that uses the same software you will find on
the public Internet.
The only difference is that an
Intranet is used for internal usage only.
Internet
The Internet is a globally linked system of computers
that are logically connected based on the Internet
Protocol (IP).
The Internet provides different ways to
access private and public information worldwide.
Internet
address
To participate in Internet communications and on
Internet Protocol-based networks, a node must have an
Internet address that identifies it to the other nodes. All
Internet addresses are IP addresses
IP
Internet Protocol is the standard that describes the
layout of the basic unit of information on the Internet
(the
packet
) and also details the numerical addressing
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117
format used to route the information. Your Internet
service provider controls the IP address of any device it
connects to the Internet. The IP addresses in your
network must conform to IP addressing rules.
In
smaller LANs, most people will allow the DHCP
function of a router or
gateway to assign the IP
addresses on internal networks.
IP address
IP address is a 32-binary digit number that identifies
each sender or receiver of information that is sent in
packets across the Internet.
For example 80.80.80.69 is
an IP address, it is the closet thing the Internet has to
telephone numbers. When you “call” that number,
using any connection methods, you get connected to
the computer that “owns” that IP address.
ISP
Internet Service Provider, is a company that maintains
a network that is linked to the Internet by way of a
dedicated communication line.
An ISP offers the use
of its dedicated communication lines to companies or
individuals who can’t afford the high monthly cost for
a direct connection.
J
JAVA
Java is a programming language that is specially
designed for writing programs that can be safely
downloaded to your computer through the Internet
without the fear of viruses. It is an object-oriented
multi-thread programming best for creating applets and
applications for the Internet, Intranet and other
complex, distributed network.
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118
L
LAN
Local Area Network a computer network that spans a
relatively small area sharing common resources. Most
LANs are confined to a single building or group of
buildings.
N
NAT
Network Address Translator generally applied by a
router, that makes many different IP addresses on an
internal network appear to the Internet as a single
address. For routing messages properly within your
network, each device requires a unique IP address. But
the addresses may not be valid outside your network.
NAT solves the problem. When devices within your
network request information from the Internet, the
requests are forwarded to the Internet under the router's
IP address. NAT distributes the responses to the proper
IP addresses within your network.
Network
A network consists of a collection of two or more
devices, people, or components that communicate with
each other over physical or virtual media.
The most
common types of network are:
LAN
– (local area network):
Computers are in close
distance to one another.
They are usually in the same
office space, room, or building.
WAN
– (wide area network):
The computers are in
different geographic locations and are connected by
telephone lines or radio waves.
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119
NWay Protocol
A network protocol that can automatically negotiate the
highest possible transmission speed between two
devices.
P
PING
Packet Internet Groper, a utility used to determine
whether a specific IP address is accessible. It functions
by sending a packet to the specified address and waits
for a reply. It is primarily used to troubleshoot Internet
connections.
PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. PPPoE is a
specification for connecting the users on an Ethernet to
the Internet through a common broadband medium,
such as DSL or cable modem. All the users over the
Ethernet share a common connection.
Protocol
Communication on the network is governed by sets of
rules called protocols. Protocols provide the guidelines
devices use to communicate with each other, and thus
they have different functions. Some protocols are
responsible
for
formatting
and
presenting
and
presenting data that will be transferred from file server
memory to the file server’s net work adapter Others are
responsible for filtering information between networks
and forwarding data to its destination. Still other
protocols dictate how data is transferred across the
medium, and how servers respond to workstation
requests and vice versa. Common network protocols
responsible for the presentation and formatting of data
for a network operating system are the Internetwork
Packet Exchange (IPX) protocol or the Internet
Protocol (IP). Protocols that dictate the format of data

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