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5.

Type

help

to list all command.

6.

On the managed computer, run the TFTP Server utility. Make sure to specify the folder in

which the firmware files reside.

7.

To perform the firmware upgrade, use

tftp

command.

Usage: tftp [IP Address] [ File Name]

***** WARNING *****

Need to reprogram the Flash!

User Name : root

User Password : tftp

cmd>help

Command Line Interface v 1.0

==============================================

time

: Get current system time.

Usage: time

help

: List all commands.

Usage: help

tftp

: tftp download.

Usage: tftp [IP] [file]

ipConfig

: Configure interface address and subnet mask.

Usage: ipConfig [ifname] [ip] [subnet mask]

ifShow

: Dispaly network interface.

Usage: ifShow <ifname>

reset

: reset the system.

Usage: reset

ping

: Ping a host..

Usage: ping [ip] [ms]

Welcome to Telnet Daemon v1.00

cmd>tftp 192.168.1.20 application.dlf

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8.

After downloading successfully, the AP will be reset and start running normally.

Telnet session will be closed after downloading successfully.

Welcome to Telnet Daemon v1.00

cmd>tftp 192.168.1.20 application.dlf

TFTP download start

TFTP download succeed

cmd>

IP address of TFTP server

Firmware file name

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Appendix A: Glossary

Ad-hoc Network

- An ad-hoc network is a group of computers, each with a wireless adapter,

connected as an independent 802.11 wireless LAN. Ad-hoc wireless computers operate on a

peer-to-peer basis, communicating directly with each other without the use of an access point.

Ad-hoc mode is also referred to as an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) or as peer-to-peer

mode.

Beacon Interval

- A beacon is a packet broadcast by the Access Point to keep the network

synchronized. A beacon includes the wireless LAN service area, the AP address, the Broadcast

destination addresses, a time stamp, Delivery Traffic Indicator Maps, and the Traffic Indicator

Message (TIM).

CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance)

- In local area networking,

this is the CSMA technique that combines slotted time-division multiplexing with carrier sense

multiple access/collision detection (CSMA/CD) to avoid having collisions occur a second time.

This works best if the time allocated is short compared to packet length and if the number of

situations is small.

Default Gateway

- The routing device used to forward all traffic that is not addressed to a

station within the local subnet.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

- A protocol that lets network administrators

manage centrally and automate the assignment of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in an

organization's network. Using the Internet's set of protocol (TCP/IP), each machine that can

connect to the Internet needs a unique IP address. When an organization sets up its computer

users with a connection to the Internet, an IP address must be assigned to each machine.

Without DHCP, the IP address must be entered manually at each computer and, if computers

move to another location in another part of the network, a new IP address must be entered.

DHCP lets a network administrator supervise and distribute IP addresses from a central point

and automatically sends a new IP address when a computer is plugged into a different place in

the network. DHCP uses the concept of a "lease" or amount of time that a given IP address will

be valid for a computer. The lease time can vary depending on how long a user is likely to

require the Internet connection at a particular location. It's especially useful in education and

other environments where users change frequently. Using very short leases, DHCP can

dynamically reconfigure networks in which there are more computers than there are available

IP addresses. DHCP supports static addresses for computers containing Web servers that need

a permanent IP address.

BSS (Basic Service Set)

- An infrastructure network connecting wireless devices to a wired

network using a single access point.

Dynamic IP Address

- An IP address that is automatically assigned to a client station in a

TCP/IP network, typically by a DHCP server. Network devices that serve multiple users, such

63

as servers and printers, are usually assigned static IP addresses.

Encryption

- A security method that applies a specific algorithm to data inorder to alter the

data's appearance and prevent other devices from reading the information.

ESS (Extended Service Set)

- A set of more than two or more BSSs (multiple access points)

forming a single network.

DNS

- The domain name system (DNS) is the way that Internet domain name are located and

translated into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. A domain name is a meaningful and

easy-to-remember "handle" for an Internet address.

DSSS (Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum)

- DSSS generates a redundant bit pattern for all

data transmitted. This bit pattern is called a chip (or chipping code). Even if one or more bits in

the chip are damaged during transmission, statistical techniques embedded in the receiver can

recover the original data without the need for retransmission. To an unintended receiver, DSSS

appears as low power wideband noise and is rejected (ignored) by most narrowband receivers.

However, to an intended receiver (i.e. another wireless LAN end-point), the DSSS signal is

recognized as the only valid signal, and interference is inherently rejected (ignored).

DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message)

- A DTIM field is a countdown field informing

clients of the next window for listening to broadcast and multicast messages. When the AP has

buffered broadcast or multicast messages for associated clients, it sends the next DTIM with a

DTIM Interval value. AP Clients hear the beacons and awaken to receive the broadcast and

multicast messages

Fragmentation

- Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network

medium that cannot support the original size of the packet.

Gateway

- A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatible communications

protocols.

Infrastructure Network

- An infrastructure network is a group of computers or other devices,

each with a wireless adapter, connected as an 802.11 wireless LAN. In infrastructure mode, the

wireless devices communicate with each other and to a wired network by first going through

an access point. An infra-structure wireless network connected to a wired network is referred

to as a Basic Service Set (BSS). A set of two or more BSS in a single network is referred to as

an Extended Service Set (ESS). Infrastructure mode is useful at a corporation scale, or when it

is necessary to connect the wired and wireless networks.

MAC (Media Access Control) Address

- A unique number assigned by the manufacturer to

any Ethernet networking device, such as a network adapter, that allows the network to identify

it at the hardware level.

NAT (Network Address Translation)

- The translation of an Internet Protocol address (IP

address) used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. One

network is designated the inside network and the other is the outside.

Ping (Packet INternet Groper)

- An Internet utility used to determine whether a particular IP

64

address is online. It is used to test and debug a network by sending out a packet and waiting for

a response.

PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet)

- PPPoE is a method for the encapsulation of

PPP packets over Ethernet frames from the user to the ISP over the Internet. One reason

PPPoE is preferred by ISPs is because it provides authentication (username and password) in

addition to data transport. A PPPoE session can be initiated by either a client application

residing on a PC, or by client firmware residing on a modem or router.

PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)

- A protocol (set of communication rules) that

allows corporations to extend their own corporate network through private "tunnels" over the

public Internet. Effectively, a corporation uses a wide-area network as a single large local area

network. A company no longer needs to lease its own lines for wide-area communication but

can securely use the public networks. This kind of interconnection is known as a virtual private

network.

Roaming

- In an infrastructure mode wireless network, this refers to the ability to move out of

one access point's range and into another and transparently re-associate and re-authenticate to

the new access point. This re-association and re-authentication should occur without user

intervention and ideally without interruption to network connectivity. A typical scenario would

be a location with multiple access points, where users can physically relocate from one area to

another and easily maintain connectivity.

RTS (Request To Send)

- An RS-232 signal sent from the transmitting station to the receiving

station requesting permission to transmit.

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

- A widely used network monitoring and

control protocol. Data is passed from SNMP agents, which are hardware and/or software

processes reporting activity in each network device (hub, router, bridge, etc.) to the

workstation console used to oversee the net-work. The agents return information contained in a

MIB (Management Information Base), which is a data structure that defines what is obtainable

from the device and what can be controlled (turned off, on, etc.).

Spread Spectrum

- Spread Spectrum technology is a wideband radio frequency technique

developed by the military for use in reliable, secure, mission-critical communications systems.

It is designed to trade off bandwidth efficiency for reliability, integrity, and security. In other

words, more bandwidth is consumed than in the case of narrowband transmission, but the trade

off produces a signal that is, in effect, louder and thus easier to detect, provided that the

receiver knows the parameters of the spread-spectrum signal being broadcast. If a receiver is

not tuned to the right frequency, a spread-spectrum signal looks like background noise. There

are two main alternatives, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) and Frequency Hopping

Spread Spectrum (FHSS).

SSID (Service Set IDentifier)

- A unique name shared among all points in a wireless network.

The SSID must be identical for each point in the wireless net-work and is case-sensitive.