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MDIX
Medium Dependent Interface Crossover, is an Ethernet port for a connection to a crossover
cable
MIB
Management Information Base is a set of objects that can be managed by using SNMP
Modem
A device that Modulates digital signals from a computer to an analog signal in order to transmit
the signal over phone lines. It also Demodulates the analog signals coming from the phone
lines to digital signals for your computer
MPPE
Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption is used to secure data transmissions over PPTP
connections
MTU
Maximum Transmission Unit is the largest packet that can be transmitted on a packet-based
network like the Internet
Multicast
Sending data from one device to many devices on a network
N
NAT
Network Address Translation allows many private IP addresses to connect to the Internet, or
another network, through one IP address
NetBEUI
NetBIOS Extended User Interface is a Local Area Network communication protocol. This is an
updated version of NetBIOS
NetBIOS
Network Basic Input/Output System
Netmask
Determines what portion of an IP address designates the Network and which part designates
the Host
Network Interface Card
A card installed in a computer or built onto the motherboard that allows the computer to
connect to a network
Network Layer
The third layer of the OSI model which handles the routing of traffic on a network
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Network Time Protocol
Used to synchronize the time of all the computers in a network
NIC
Network Interface Card
NTP
Network Time Protocol
O
OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing is the modulation technique for both 802.11a and
802.11g
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection is the reference model for how data should travel between two
devices on a network
OSPF
Open Shortest Path First is a routing protocol that is used more than RIP in larger scale
networks because only changes to the routing table are sent to all the other routers in the
network as opposed to sending the entire routing table at a regular interval, which is how RIP
functions
P
Password
A sequence of characters that is used to authenticate requests to resources on a network
Personal Area Network
The interconnection of networking devices within a range of 10 meters
Physical layer
The first layer of the OSI model. Provides the hardware means of transmitting electrical signals
on a data carrier
Ping
A utility program that verifies that a given Internet address exists and can receive messages.
The utility sends a control packet to the given address and waits for a response.
PoE
Power over Ethernet is the means of transmitting electricity over the unused pairs in a category
5 Ethernet cable
POP3
Post Office Protocol 3 is used for receiving email
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Port
A logical channel endpoint in a network. A computer might have only one physical channel (its
Ethernet channel) but can have multiple ports (logical channels) each identified by a number.
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol is used for two computers to communicate with each over a serial
interface, like a phone line
PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet is used to connect multiple computers to a remote server
over Ethernet
PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol is used for creating VPN tunnels over the Internet between
two networks
Preamble
Used to synchronize communication timing between devices on a network
Q
QoS
Quality of Service
R
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service allows for remote users to dial into a central server
and be authenticated in order to access resources on a network
Reboot
To restart a computer and reload it's operating software or firmware from nonvolatile storage.
Rendezvous
Apple's version of UPnP, which allows for devices on a network to discover each other and be
connected without the need to configure any settings
Repeater
Retransmits the signal of an Access Point in order to extend it's coverage
RIP
Routing Information Protocol is used to synchronize the routing table of all the routers on a
network
RJ-11
The most commonly used connection method for telephones
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RJ-45
The most commonly used connection method for Ethernet
RS-232C
The interface for serial communication between computers and other related devices
RSA
Algorithm used for encryption and authentication
S
Server
A computer on a network that provides services and resources to other computers on the
network
Session key
An encryption and decryption key that is generated for every communication session between
two computers
Session layer
The fifth layer of the OSI model which coordinates the connection and communication between
applications on both ends
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Used for sending and receiving email
Simple Network Management Protocol
Governs the management and monitoring of network devices
SIP
Session Initiation Protocol. A standard protocol for initiating a user session that involves
multimedia content, such as voice or chat.
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
SOHO
Small Office/Home Office
SPI
Stateful Packet Inspection
SSH
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Secure Shell is a command line interface that allows for secure connections to remote
computers
SSID
Service Set Identifier is a name for a wireless network
Stateful inspection
A feature of a firewall that monitors outgoing and incoming traffic to make sure that only valid
responses to outgoing requests are allowed to pass though the firewall
Subnet mask
Determines what portion of an IP address designates the Network and which part designates
the Host
Syslog
System Logger -- a distributed logging interface for collecting in one place the logs from
different sources. Originally written for UNIX, it is now available for other operating systems,
including Windows.
T
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TCP Raw
A TCP/IP protocol for transmitting streams of printer data.
TFTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol is a utility used for transferring files that is simpler to use than FTP
but with less features
Throughput
The amount of data that can be transferred in a given time period
Traceroute
A utility displays the routes between you computer and specific destination
U
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
Unicast
Communication between a single sender and receiver
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