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Section 4
Reference
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62
4A. Glossary
3G — Third Generation. 3G refers to the third
generation of mobile telephony technology.
4G
— Fourth Generation. 4G refers to the fourth
generation of mobile telephony technology.
802.11 (b, g, n) — A set of WLAN communication
standards in the 2.4, 3.6 and 5 GHz frequency bands.
Access Point — A device that allows wireless
communication devices to connect to a wireless
network using a standard such as Wi-Fi.
Broadband — High-capacity, high-speed transmission
channel with a wider bandwidth than conventional
modem lines. Broadband channels can carry video,
voice, and data simultaneously.
BSID
— Biometrics Secured Identification Device.
CDMA — Code Division Multiple Access. It is the
underlying channel access method used by some
wireless phone standards.
CINR
— Carrier to Interference and Noise Ratio.
Measurement of true signal strength at a receiver.
Computing Device — Any of a variety of computer-like
devices (for example, a desktop computer, laptop,
tablet PC, smartphone, or PDA).
DHCP — Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
Software found in servers and routers that
automatically assigns temporary IP addresses to
clients logging into an IP network.
DHCP Server — A server or service with a server that
assigns IP addresses.
DNS — Domain Name System. A system for
converting host names and domain names into IP
addresses on the Internet or on local networks that
use the TCP/IP protocol.
ESN — Electronic Serial Number. A unique 32-bit
number embedded in a wireless device that identifies
the device.
Firewall — A hardware or software boundary that
protects a network or single computer from unwanted
outside traffic.
Firmware — A computer program embedded in an
electronic device. Firmware usually contains operating
code for the device.
FTP — File Transfer Protocol. A network protocol for
exchanging files over a TCP network.
4A. Glossary
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4A. Glossary
63
Glossary
Gateway — A network point that acts as an entrance to
another network that uses a different protocol.
GPS — Global Positioning System. A radio-based
navigation system that allows users to determine their
location. The device uses satellite data to calculate its
position. Commonly used in mapping and navigation
systems.
Hostname — The unique name by which a network-
attached device is known on a network.
Hotspot — A Wi-Fi (802.11) access point or the area
covered by an access point. Used for connecting to
the Internet.HSDPA — High Speed Downlink Packet
Access. HSDPA is an enhanced version of WCDMA
that supports broadband connections with download
speeds up to 7.2 Mbps. This enhanced 3G technology
enables the download of high-bandwidth multimedia
files, high resolution graphics, and other complex files,
and allows viewing email attachments at broadband-
like speeds.
HSPA — High Speed Packet Access. A family of 3G
services that is available to GSM carriers. It is a major
enhancement from WCDMA.
HSPA+ — HSPA Evolution or HSPA Evolved. A 3G
mobile telephony protocol with up-link speeds up to
11 Mbps and downlink speeds up to 42 Mbps.
HTTP — Hypertext Transfer Protocol. An application-
level protocol for accessing the World Wide Web over
the Internet.
IEEE — Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
An international technical/professional society that
promotes standardization in technical disciplines.
IMAP — Internet Message Access Protocol. An Internet
standard protocol for email retrieval.
IP — Internet Protocol. The mechanism by which
packets are routed between computers on a network.
IP Type — The type of service provided over a network.
IP Address — Internet Protocol address. The address of
a device attached to an IP network (TCP/IP network).
KB — Kilobytes per second. The rate of data flow.
LAN — Local Area Network. A type of network that
lets a group of computers, all in close proximity (such
as inside an office building), communicate with one
another. It does not use common carrier circuits
though it can have gateways or bridges to other
public or private networks.
MAC Address — Media Access Control. A number that
uniquely identifies each network hardware device.
MAC addresses are 12-digit hexadecimal numbers.
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64
4A. Glossary
MEID — Mobile Equipment IDentifier. A globally unique
number for a physical piece of mobile station
equipment.
Mbps — Megabits per second.
microSD / micro SDHC — A small, removable flash
memory card available in various storage sizes. Some
products have a slot that allows them to utilize this
external memory.
MSID — Mobile Station IDentifier. A number for a
mobile phone that identifies that phone to the network.
These numbers are carrier specific.
MSL — Master Subsidy Lock. A numeric code for
accessing certain phone settings.
NAI — Network Access Identifier. A standard way of
identifying users who request access to a network.
Network Operator — The vendor who provides your
wireless access. Known by different names in different
regions, some examples are: wireless provider,
network operator, and service provider.
Network Technology — The technology on which a
particular network operator's system is built; such as
GSM, HSPA, CDMA, EDGE, and EVDO.
NMEA
— National Marine Electronics Association. The
NMEA has developed specifications defining the
interface between certain pieces of electronic
equipment, including GPS receiver communications.
Port — A virtual data connection used by programs to
exchange data. It is the endpoint in a logical
connection. The port is specified by the port number.
Port Forwarding — A process that allows remote
devices to connect to a specific computer within a
private LAN.
Port Number — A 16-bit number used by the TCP and
UDP protocols to direct traffic on a TCP/IP host. Certain
port numbers are standard for common applications.
PRL — Preferred Roaming List. A list that your wireless
phone or device uses to determine which networks to
connect with when you are outside the Sprint network.
Protocol — A standard that enables connection,
communication, and data transfer between computing
endpoints.
Router — A device that directs traffic from one network
to another.
RTP — Real-time Transport Protocol. A packet format
for streaming multimedia over the Internet.
RSSI
— Received Signal Strength Indicator.
Measurement of the power present in a received radio
signal.
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4A. Glossary
65
Glossary
SSID — Service Set Identifier. The name assigned to a
Wi-Fi network.
TCP — Transmission Control Protocol. A core
protocol for transmitting and receiving information
over the Internet.
TCP/IP — Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol. The set of communications protocols used
for the Internet and other similar networks.
UA — User Agent. Any device or software used to
access a Web page. A user agent might be a Web
browser, a smartphone, or a screen reader.
UDP — User Datagram Protocol. A simple transport
protocol used to transfer information on the Internet.
UI — User Interface. The part of a software application
or hardware device that a user sees and interacts with.
UMTS — Universal Mobile Telecommunications
Service. A third-generation broadband, packet-based
transmission of text, digitized voice, video and
multimedia at data rates up to 2 Mbps. UMTS offers a
consistent set of services to mobile users all over the
world. UMTS is based on the GSM standard. Until
UMTS is fully implemented, users can use multi-mode
devices that switch to currently available technology.
USB — Universal Serial Bus. A connection type for
computing device peripherals such as a printer,
mobile modem, etc. USB connectors may be used for
data transfer or charging.
USB Port Types — The USB ports on computers and
hubs have a rectangular Type A socket, and peripheral
devices have a cable with a Type A plug. Peripherals
that do not have an attached cable have a square
Type B socket on the device and a separate cable with
a Type A and Type B plug. Ports and connectors are
available in different sizes (for example, standard, mini,
and micro).
VPN — Virtual Private Network. A secure private
network that runs over the public Internet. Commonly
used to connect to an office network from elsewhere.
VPN Passthrough — A feature that allows a client to
connect to a VPN server.
WCDMA — Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access.
A 3G mobile wireless technology that promises much
higher data speeds to mobile and portable wireless
devices. Another name for UMTS.
Widget — A mini-application that displays specific
information.
Wi-Fi (R) — Any system that uses the 802.11 standard
developed and released in 1997 by the IEEE.

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