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1-12
Linksys ATA
Administrator Guide
Document Version 3.1
Chapter 1
Introducing Linksys Analog Telephone Adapters
Technology Background
With symmetric NAT all requests from the same internal IP address and port to a specific destination IP
address and port are mapped to a unique external source IP address and port. If the same internal host
sends a packet with the same source address and port to a different destination, a different mapping is
used. Only an external host that receives a packet can send a UDP packet back to the internal host.
Simple Traversal of UDP Through NAT
Simple Traversal of UDP through NATs (STUN) is a protocol defined by RFC 3489, that allows a client
behind a NAT device to find out its public address, the type of NAT it is behind, and the port associated
on the Internet connection with a particular local port. This information is used to set up UDP
communication between two hosts that are both behind NAT routers. Open source STUN software can
be obtained at the following website:
STUN does not work with a symmetric NAT router. To determine the type of NAT your router uses,
complete the following steps:
Step 1
Enable debugging on the
Linksys ATA
:
1.
Make sure you do not have firewall running on your PC that could block the syslog port (by default
this is 514).
2.
On the administration web server, System tab, set <Debug Server> to the IP address and port number
of your syslog server.
Note that this address and port number has to be reachable from the
Linksys ATA
.
3.
Set <Debug level> to
3
but you do not need to change the value of the <syslog server> parameter.
4.
To capture SIP signaling messages, under the Line tab, set <SIP Debug Option> to
Full
. The output
is named syslog.514.log.
Step 2
To determine the type of NAT your router is using set <STUN Test Enable> to
yes
.
Step 3
View the syslog messages to determine if your network uses symmetric NAT or not.
SIP-NAT Interoperation
In the case of SIP, the addresses where messages/data should be sent to a Linksys ATA system are
embedded in the SIP messages sent by the device. If the Linksys ATA system is sitting behind a NAT
device, the private IP address assigned to it is not usable for communications with the SIP entities
outside the private network.
Note
If the ITSP offers an outbound NAT-Aware proxy, this discovers the public IP address from the remote
endpoint and eliminates the need to modify the SIP message from the UAC.
The Linksys ATA system must substitute the private IP address information with the proper external IP
address/port in the mapping chosen by the underlying NAT to communicate with a particular public peer
address/port. For this, the Linksys ATA system needs to perform the following tasks:
•
Discover the NAT mappings used to communicate with the peer.
±
±
This can be done with the help of an external device, such as a STUN server. A STUN server
Page 27 / 186
1-13
Linksys ATA
Administrator Guide
Document Version 3.1
Chapter 1
Introducing Linksys Analog Telephone Adapters
Where to Go From Here
responds to a special NAT-Mapping-Discovery request by sending back a message to the source IP
address/port of the request, where the message contains the source IP address/port of the original
request. The
Linksys ATA
system can send this request when it first attempts to communicate with
a SIP entity over the Internet. It then stores the mapping discovery results returned by the server.
•
Communicate the NAT mapping information to the external SIP entities.
±
±
If the entity is a SIP Registrar, the information should be carried in the Contact header that
overwrites the private address/port information. If the entity is another SIP UA when establishing a
call, the information should be carried in the Contact header as well as in the SDP embedded in SIP
message bodies.
The VIA header in outbound SIP requests might also need to be substituted with
the public address if the UAS relies on it to route back responses.
•
Extend the discovered NAT mappings by sending keep-alive packets.
±
±
Because the mapping is alive only for a short period, the
Linksys ATA
system continues to send
periodic keep-alive packets through the mapping to extend its validity as necessary.
Where to Go From Here
The following documentation provides additional information about features and functionality of
Linksys ATAs:
•
AA Quick Guide
•
IVR Quick Guide
•
SPA Provisioning Guide
The following documentation describes how to use and configure other Linksys VoIP products:
•
SPA9000 Administrator Guide
•
LVS CTI Integration Guide
•
LVS Integration with ITSP Hosted Voicemail Guide
To
Refer to
Use the different administration and
configuration tools provided for managing
Linksys ATAs.
Chapter 2, “Getting Started”
Complete the basic configuration of a Linksys
ATA.
Chapter 3, “Configuring Linksys ATAs”
Configure the Linksys SPA3102 or AG310 for
providing PSTN connectivity.
Chapter 4, “Configuring the PSTN Gateway
(FXO)”
Look up the function and usage for each field or
parameter on the ATA administration web server
pages.
Chapter 5, “Linksys ATA Field Reference”
Look up the expansion of acronyms used in this
document.
Appendix A, “Acronyms”
Define the terms used in this document.
Appendix B, “Glossary”
Understand the operations of ATA user features.
Appendix C, “User Guidelines”
Page 28 / 186
1-14
Linksys ATA
Administrator Guide
Document Version 3.1
Chapter 1
Introducing Linksys Analog Telephone Adapters
Where to Go From Here
•
SPA900 Series IP Phones Administrator Guide
•
Linksys Voice over IP Product Guide: SIP CPE for Massive Scale Deployment
Page 29 / 186
2-1
Linksys ATA
Administrator Guide
Document Version 3.1
C H A P T E R
2
Getting Started
This chapter provides a brief description of each Linksys ATA and describes the tools and utilities
available for administration. It includes the following sections:
•
Linksys Analog Telephone Adapters (ATAs), page 2-1
•
Establishing Connectivity, page 2-14
•
Connecting the SPA8000, page 2-16
•
Using the Interactive Voice Response Interface, page 2-18
•
Using the Administration Web Server, page 2-22
The following ATAs provide Layer 2 (data link) and Layer 3 (IP) configuration options:
•
AG310
•
WRP400
•
WRTP54/54G
•
RTP300
For information about configuring these options, including private virtual circuits (PVCs), PPPoE, and
IP routing, refer to the user guide for the specific device.
For information about configuring the Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) connectivity options
for the SPA3102 and AG310 refer to
Chapter 3, “Configuring Linksys ATAs.”
Linksys Analog Telephone Adapters (ATAs)
Linksys ATAs convert voice traffic into data packets for transmission over an IP network. This section
illustrates and summarizes the ports and LEDs provided by each model. It includes the following topics:
•
Caring for Your Hardware, page 2-2
•
PAP2T, page 2-3
•
SPA2102, page 2-6
•
SPA3102, page 2-7
•
SPA8000, page 2-9
•
AG310, page 2-2
•
WRP400, page 2-10
Page 30 / 186
2-2
Linksys ATA
Administrator Guide
Document Version 3.1
Chapter 2
Getting Started
Linksys Analog Telephone Adapters (ATAs)
•
WRTP54G, page 2-11
•
WRT54GP2, page 2-13
•
RTP300, page 2-4
Caring for Your Hardware
The Linksys ATA is an electronic device that should not be exposed to excessive heat, sun, cold or water.
To clean the equipment, use a slightly moistened paper or cloth towel. Do not spray or pour cleaning
solution directly onto the hardware unit.
AG310
The AG310 provides a high-speed ADSL2/+ modem along with a four-port Ethernet switch and a PSTN
gateway (see
Figure 1-4
).
Note
Througout this document, when references are made to the software configuration of the SPA3102, the
information also applies to the AG310, which provides the same functionality as the SPA3102, as well
as an ADSL modem and a four-port Ethernet switch.
Figure 1-4
AG310
The following tables describe the LEDS on the front panel and the ports on the back panel of the device.

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