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70
Appendix E: Glossary
Home Wireless-G Gateway
EAP
(
E
xtensible
A
uthentication
P
rotocol) - A general authentication protocol used to control network access.
Many specific authentication methods work within this framework.
EAP-PEAP
(
E
xtensible
A
uthentication
P
rotocol-
P
rotected
E
xtensible
A
uthentication
P
rotocol) - A mutual
authentication method that uses a combination of digital certificates and another system, such as passwords.
EAP-TLS
(
E
xtensible
A
uthentication
P
rotocol-
T
ransport
L
ayer
S
ecurity) - A mutual authentication method that
uses digital certificates.
Encryption
- Encoding data transmitted in a network.
Ethernet
- A networking protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a common transmission
medium.
Finger
- A program that tells you the name associated with an e-mail address.
Firewall
- A set of related programs located at a network gateway server that protects the resources of a
network from users from other networks.
Firmware
- The programming code that runs a networking device.
Fragmentation
-Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that cannot
support the original size of the packet.
FTP
(
F
ile
T
ransfer
P
rotocol) - A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network.
Full Duplex
- The ability of a networking device to receive and transmit data simultaneously.
Gateway
- A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatible communications protocols.
Half Duplex
- Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a single line, but only one direction at a
time.
Hardware
- The physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other information technology devices.
HTTP
(
H
yper
T
ext
T
ransport
P
rotocol) - The communications protocol used to connect to servers on the World
Wide Web.
Infrastructure
- A wireless network that is bridged to a wired network via an access point.
IP
(
I
nternet
P
rotocol) - A protocol used to send data over a network.
IP Address
- The address used to identify a computer or device on a network.
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71
Appendix E: Glossary
Home Wireless-G Gateway
IPCONFIG
- A Windows 2000 and XP utility that displays the IP address for a particular networking device.
IPSec
(
I
nternet
P
rotocol
Sec
urity) - A VPN protocol used to implement secure exchange of packets at the IP layer.
ISM band
- Radio bandwidth utilized in wireless transmissions.
ISP
(
I
nternet
S
ervice
P
rovider) - A company that provides access to the Internet.
LAN
- The computers and networking products that make up your local network.
LEAP
(
L
ightweight
E
xtensible
A
uthentication
P
rotocol) -
A mutual authentication method that uses a username
and password system.
MAC
(
M
edia
A
ccess
C
ontrol)
Address
- The unique address that a manufacturer assigns to each networking
device.
Mbps
(
M
ega
B
its
P
er
S
econd) - One million bits per second; a unit of measurement for data transmission.
mIRC
- An Internet Relay Chat program that runs under Windows.
Multicasting
- Sending data to a group of destinations at once.
NAT
(
N
etwork
A
ddress
T
ranslation) - NAT technology translates IP addresses of a local area network to a different
IP address for the Internet.
Network
- A series of computers or devices connected for the purpose of data sharing, storage, and/or
transmission between users.
NNTP
(
N
etwork
N
ews
T
ransfer
P
rotocol)
- The protocol used to connect to Usenet groups on the Internet.
Node
- A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or work station.
OFDM
(
O
rthogonal
F
requency
D
ivision
M
ultiplexing) - Frequency transmission that separates the data stream
into a number of lower-speed data streams, which are then transmitted in parallel to prevent information from
being lost in transit.
Packet
- A unit of data sent over a network.
Passphrase
- Used much like a password, a passphrase simplifies the WEP encryption process by automatically
generating the WEP encryption keys for Linksys products.
PEAP
(
P
rotected
E
xtensible
A
uthentication
P
rotocol) - A mutual authentication method that uses a combination
of digital certificates and another system, such as passwords.
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72
Appendix E: Glossary
Home Wireless-G Gateway
Ping
(
P
acket
IN
ternet
G
roper) - An Internet utility used to determine whether a particular IP address is online.
POP3
(
P
ost
O
ffice
P
rotocol
3
) - A standard mail server commonly used on the Internet.
Port
- The connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in cables or adapters.
P
ower
o
ver
E
thernet (
PoE
) - A technology enabling an Ethernet network cable to deliver both data and power.
PPPoE
(
P
oint to
P
oint
P
rotocol
o
ver
E
thernet) - A type of broadband connection that provides authentication
(username and password) in addition to data transport.
PPTP
(
P
oint-to-
P
oint
T
unneling
P
rotocol) - A VPN protocol that allows the Point to Point Protocol (PPP) to be
tunneled through an IP network. This protocol is also used as a type of broadband connection in Europe.
Preamble
- Part of the wireless signal that synchronizes network traffic.
RADIUS
(
R
emote
A
uthentication
D
ial-
I
n
U
ser
S
ervice) - A protocol that uses an authentication server to control
network access.
RJ-45
(
R
egistered
J
ack
-45
) - An Ethernet connector that holds up to eight wires.
Roaming
- The ability to take a wireless device from one access point's range to another without losing the
connection.
Router
- A networking device that connects multiple networks together.
RTS
(
R
equest
T
o
S
end) - A networking method of coordinating large packets through the RTS Threshold setting.
Server
- Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing, communications,
and other services.
SMTP
(
S
imple
M
ail
T
ransfer
P
rotocol)
- The standard e-mail protocol on the Internet.
SNMP
(
S
imple
N
etwork
M
anagement
P
rotocol)
- A widely used network monitoring and control protocol.
Software
- Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs a particular task is called a
“program”.
SOHO
(
S
mall
O
ffice/
H
ome
O
ffice) - Market segment of professionals who work at home or in small offices.
SPI
(
S
tateful
P
acket
I
nspection)
Firewall
- A technology that inspects incoming packets of information before
allowing them to enter the network.
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73
Appendix E: Glossary
Home Wireless-G Gateway
Spread Spectrum
- Wideband radio frequency technique used for more reliable and secure data transmission.
SSID
(
S
ervice
S
et
ID
entifier) - Your wireless network's name.
Static IP Address
- A fixed address assigned to a computer or device that is connected to a network.
Static Routing
- Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path.
Subnet Mask
- An address code that determines the size of the network.
Switch
- 1. A data switch that connects computing devices to host computers, allowing a large number of
devices to share a limited number of ports. 2. A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an
electrical circuit.
TCP
(
T
ransmission
C
ontrol
P
rotocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that requires acknowledgement
from the recipient of data sent.
TCP/IP
(
T
ransmission
C
ontrol
P
rotocol/
I
nternet
P
rotocol) - A set of instructions PCs use to communicate over a
network.
Telnet
- A user command and TCP/IP protocol used for accessing remote PCs.
TFTP
(
T
rivial
F
ile
T
ransfer
P
rotocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocol that has no directory or password
capability.
Throughput
- The amount of data moved successfully from one node to another in a given time period.
TKIP
(
T
emporal
K
ey
I
ntegrity
P
rotocol) - a wireless encryption protocol that provides dynamic encryption keys for
each packet transmitted.
Topology
- The physical layout of a network.
TX Rate
- Transmission Rate.
UDP
(
U
ser
D
atagram
P
rotocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that does not require acknowledgement
from the recipient of the data that is sent.
Upgrade
- To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version.
Upload
- To transmit a file over a network.
URL
(
U
niform
R
esource
L
ocator) - The address of a file located on the Internet.
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74
Appendix E: Glossary
Home Wireless-G Gateway
VPN
(
V
irtual
P
rivate
N
etwork) - A security measure to protect data as it leaves one network and goes to another
over the Internet.
WAN
(
W
ide
A
rea
N
etwork)- The Internet.
WEP
(
W
ired
E
quivalent
P
rivacy) - A method of encrypting network data transmitted on a wireless network for
greater security.
WINIPCFG
- A Windows 98 and Me utility that displays the IP address for a particular networking device.
WLAN
(
W
ireless
L
ocal
A
rea
N
etwork) - A group of computers and associated devices that communicate with
each other wirelessly.
WPA
(
W
i-Fi
P
rotected
A
ccess) - a wireless security protocol using TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
encryption, which can be used in conjunction with a RADIUS server.
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