FRITZ WLAN-7340 Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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Glossary

176

own public IP address in all outgoing data packets. The

router saves all necessary information in a table so that in-

coming data packets can then be assigned to the correct

network device.

outside dialing

prefix

The outside dialing prefix is the digit dialed at an exten-

sion line to obtain an outside line. Generally this is “0”.

public IP

address

A public IP address is an IP address valid in the Internet.

Every computer or router participating in the Internet must

have a uniquely assigned public IP address. This address

is usually negotiated dynamically with the Internet Service

Provider when a connection to the Internet is dialed. The

Internet Service Provider assigns the negotiated IP ad-

dress to the computer or router for the duration of an Inter-

net session.

port

So that a single network connection on a computer can be

used by multiple applications to exchange data with re-

mote sites at the same time, a computer administers what

are known as ports for the IP-based protocols TCP and

UDP. Ports substantiate the point of access for the data

packets delivered via the IP Internet protocol. While the IP

address determines the destination computer quite gen-

erally, the port addresses the communication interface

provided by an application for a certain communication

procedure.

The Internet protocol allots 16 bits for the specification of

the port number. Thus a total of 65,535 different port

numbers can be specified. Ports up to port number 1,024

are reserved for special system applications and typical

Internet applications. These include, for instance, the port

numbers 21 for FTP (File Transfer Protocol), 25 for SMTP

(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), 53 for DNS (Domain Name

Service) and 80 for HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol).

Ports are primarily of interest to users for their role in pro-

tecting an Internet connection from external attacks. Most

firewalls offer the possibility of preventing data traffic on

certain ports. This means that certain port numbers can

be blocked to prevent data from being delivered to system

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177

Glossary

services. This is also a way of preventing any Trojans (ma-

licious applications opening backdoors on a computer)

that may have infected your computer from receiving data

on ports it created as means of accessing your computer

for potentially damaging activities. A firewall blocks most

atypical port numbers not required for normal operation of

an application and offers specialized users the opportuni-

ty to forward specified ports.

port forwarding

With port forwarding it is possible to specify ports that will

allow all incoming or outgoing data packets to pass

through a router or firewall.

If a computer from the local network offers server services,

for instance, the settings of a router using NAT or IP mas-

querading must forward the port used by the server ser-

vice for access to incoming data packets and thus keep it

open permanently. The private IP address of the given

computer must be saved as the destination address for all

of the packets arriving at the port.

Typical server applications which require port forwarding

are FTP and Web servers. To allow access to a computer via

remote management software like Symantec pcAnywhere

or Microsoft’s Remote Desktop, or even use of a file-shar-

ing program like eMule, the required ports must be re-

leased for port forwarding. Port forwarding settings for the

most important application cases are quite simple as long

as the settings of the router or the firewall already contain

rules with a corresponding preconfiguration.

private IP

address

Private IP addresses are used for computers and other

network devices within local IP networks.

Since many local IP networks are not connected to the In-

ternet except via single computers or routers (gateway),

certain address ranges are excluded from the publicly

available IP addresses so that they are available for as-

signment in local IP networks. An IP address may only be

assigned once within the local network. A private IP ad-

dress may exist in any number of other local networks.

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Glossary

178

Stick & Surf

Stick & Surf is a technique developed by AVM for the fast,

simple, error-free and secure configuration of radio net-

works. This technique allows for the straightforward trans-

mission of all important parameters of a radio network

from the access point to any computer that is to be added

to the radio cell.

In this process the radio parameters used, including the

WLAN channel, SSID and WLAN standard used, as well as

security parameters like the encryption method and net-

work key, are transferred almost fully automatically from

the WLAN access point to the computer with the WLAN cli-

ent that is to be connected.

subnetwork

A local IP network can consist of one subnetwork or be di-

vided into multiple subnetworks. The division into subnet-

works is performed when the local IP network is config-

ured. The subnetworks of a local IP network are also IP

networks.

subnet mask

The subnet mask indicates which part of an IP address is

the network address and which the address of the com-

puter. The network address defines what is called the sub-

net.

Example 1

IP address:

192.168.178.247

Subnet mask:

255.255.255.0

The assignment of the first three groups of numerals in the sub-

net mask indicates that the first three groups of numerals in the

IP address define the network. The following addresses result:

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179

Glossary

Network address of the subnet:

192.168.178.0

Address of the computer in the

subnet:

192.168.178.247

IP address pool in the subnet:

192.168.178.0 -

192.168.178.255

The IP addresses

192.168.178.0 and

192.168.178.255 are re-

served. This means that the

addresses from

192.168.178.1 to

192.168.178.254 are avail-

able for assignment to the

computers. Therefore a maxi-

mum of 254 computers can be

included in the subnetwork.

Example 2

IP address:

192.168.178.247

Subnet mask:

255.255.0.0

The assignment of the first two groups of numerals in the sub-

net mask indicates that the first two groups of numerals in the

IP address define the network. The following addresses result:

Network address of the subnet:

192.168.0.0

Address of the computer in the

subnet:

192.168.178.247

IP address pool in the subnet:

192.168.0.0 -

192.168.255.255

That’s 65,536 IP addresses.

The IP addresses 192.168.0.0

and 192.168.255.255 are re-

served. This means that the

addresses from 192.168.0.1 to

192.168.255.254 are avail-

able for assignment to the

computers.

Example 1

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Glossary

180

TCP/IP

abbreviation for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet

Protocol

TCP/IP is the “language” of the Internet. TCP/IP is used to

refer to a suite of protocols used for data communication

over the Internet. TCP and IP are the network and transport

protocols underlying most Internet services, including file

transfer (FTP) and e-mail communication (SMTP). TCP/IP is

available for practically all computer systems. TCP/IP thus

offers the advantage of trouble-free communication be-

tween otherwise incompatible networks and systems.

TR-069

T-069 is an HTTP-based protocol for communication be-

tween CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) and an Auto

Configuration Server (ACS) belonging to the Internet Ser-

vice Provider. The TR-069 protocol is also known under the

alternative name CPE WAN Management Protocol (CWMP).

It offers the possibility of setting up the terminal device

securely and automatically and thus, most importantly, fa-

cilitates simple initial configuration of the ADSL terminal

device by the end customer (autoprovisioning).

The TR-069 protocol can be used for automatic configura-

tion only if it is actively supported by the given terminal

device. For this an Auto Configuration Client (ACC) must be

integrated in the device. The specifications for automatic

configuration of the ADSL terminal device are stored on

the Auto Configuration Server by the given Internet Service

Provider. As soon as the ADSL terminal device initiates the

autoconfiguration process, the settings are retrieved from

the Auto Configuration Server and implemented in the

ADSL terminal device without any further interaction with

the user. The communication between the ADSL terminal

device and the Auto Configuration Server takes place in

encrypted form.

UMTS

abbreviation for Universal Mobile Telecommunications

System

UMTS is a third-generation (3G) mobile radio standard

with throughput rates of 384 Kbit/s to 7.2 Mbit/s.

Rate

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