FRITZ WLAN-7340 Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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171

Glossary

DDNS

abbreviation for Dynamic Domain Name System

DDNS is a service which allows a computer always to be

reached under the same domain name despite constantly

changing public IP addresses. This means the home net-

work can always be reached from the Internet, regardless

of the user’s location. Even private users have an econom-

ical way of placing their own Internet offers on their com-

puter at home.

Every time the Internet connection is established, the In-

ternet Service Provider assigns a new public IP address.

Each time the IP address changes, the current IP address

is transmitted to a special DDNS server. Except for the few

seconds between the cancellation of the old IP address

and the notification of the new IP address, the computer

can always be reached at the selected domain name.

dynamic IP

address

A dynamic IP address is an IP address valid only for the

duration of one Internet or network session.

Every computer participating in the Internet must have a

uniquely assigned public IP address. Since only a limited

number of such IP addresses is available, they must be

used sparingly. That is why most of the Internet partici-

pants who dial in to the Internet receive a dynamic IP ad-

dress. They are called dynamic because every participant

receives a new public address that has not been assigned

yet each time he or she dials in to the Internet.

By contrast, dynamic addresses are usually used in local

IP networks because they are easy to handle, and because

using them avoids incorrect IP address entries or uninten-

tional double assignments. The DHCP service is responsi-

ble for assigning unique dynamic IP addresses.

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Glossary

172

fixed IP address

Fixed IP addresses are IP addresses which are permanent-

ly assigned to a computer or another device like a network

printer.

Assigning fixed IP addresses makes sense in cases when

a local network has a sufficiently large pool of IP address-

es available, or when a computer is always supposed to

be accessible at a certain address (such as a web server or

e-mail server).

firewall

A firewall protects a computer or local network against at-

tacks from the Internet.

Most firewalls work with packet filters, which merely

check the IP addresses and port numbers of incoming and

outgoing data packets and filter the packets according to

prescribed rules.

Some firewalls also integrate additional concepts like IP

masquerading and NAT to decouple data traffic by distin-

guishing strictly between the internal and external net-

work.

Especially effective firewalls go even further, analyzing

and evaluating the contents of the packets and filtering

them according to prescribed rules. Such techniques may

also include a Stateful Packet Inspection Firewall, for in-

stance.

firmware

Firmware designates software that is embedded in elec-

tronic devices. Firmware is saved in programmable com-

ponents within a device. Through the possibility of updat-

ing the firmware by computer at any time, manufacturers

enjoy great flexibility in reacting to the demands of the op-

erational environment, integrating new functions request-

ed by customers, and eliminating errors discovered after

production.

FTP

abbreviation for File Transfer Protocol

The File Transfer Protocol allows files to be exchanged be-

tween two computers operating in the Internet. Data ex-

change takes place via an FTP server and what is known as

an FTP client. The more convenient FTP clients are

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173

Glossary

available as stand-alone software or are components of

some ISDN data transfer software; simple FTP clients are

now included in many web browsers.

gateway

Gateway is a general term designating an interface be-

tween two networks. Such a network interface can be real-

ized using a router or a bridge, for instance.

If a computer wants to transfer data packets to a computer

in another network, it must first transmit the packet to the

gateway. To do this, the computer must know the address

of the gateway.

If all packets that cannot be delivered in a local network

always are to be transmitted to their given recipients via

the same gateway, for this purpose the address of the

gateway must be saved as the default gateway in the net-

work settings of the computer.

Such a default gateway for the computer is negotiated au-

tomatically by the operating system or the dialing soft-

ware whenever an ISDN-Controller or ADSL-Controller es-

tablishes a connection to the Internet. If a router is used

for the shared Internet access in a local network, the IP ad-

dress of the router must be entered as the default gateway

in the TCP/IP settings of each computer that wishes to use

the Internet connection. If the TCP/IP setting is configured

by means of a DHCP server, there is no need to enter the

gateway address manually.

HSPA

abbreviation for High Speed Packet Access

HSPA is a third-generation mobile radio standard further

developed from the the UMTS mobile radio standard.

HSPA provides for throughput rates in the mobile radio

network that are comparable with DSL (3.6 to

13.98 Mbit/s).

IP

abbreviation for Internet Protocol

The IP Internet Protocol is the most important basic proto-

col for the control of data exchange in local networks and

in the Internet. The Internet protocol works without a con-

nection; in other words, data packets are transmitted from

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Glossary

174

the sender to the recipient without previous consultation.

The addresses of the recipient and the sender in the data

packets are given as IP addresses.

IP address

In IP-based networks, for instance in the Internet and local

networks, all connected devices are addressed via their IP

addresses. So that data packets are sure to be delivered

to the right address, each IP address may be assigned on-

ly once within the Internet or a local IP network.

The IP address consists of four three-digit groups of num-

bers (for instance, 192.168.178.247). Each group of num-

bers can assume values between 000 and 255.

Every IP address contains two components: the network

address and the host address. These two components can

be read out of an IP address only if the subnet mask is al-

so specified.

IP addresses can be public or private, and also fixed or as-

signed dynamically. See the corresponding entries in the

Glossary for more information.

IP addressing

Addressing is one of the main functions of the Internet

Protocol (IP). Internet addresses can be written in deci-

mal, octal or hexadecimal notation. The FRITZ!Box uses

“dotted-decimal” notation: The four bytes of an address

are represented by decimal numbers separated by dots.

The total volume of Internet addresses, the address

space, is separated into classes (A, B, C, D, and E). The full

set of IP addresses, called the address space, is grouped

into address classes designated as A, B, C, D and E. Only

the first three of these five address classes are actually

used. These classes can be described as follows:

Classes

Properties

Network Address

Decimal Value

Class A address

Few networks, many hubs

0-127

Class B address

Intermediate distribution

of networks and hubs

128-191

Class C address

Many networks, few hubs

192-223

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Glossary

Properties of IP Address Classes

Every IP address consists of two parts: the network ad-

dress and the host address. The sizes of the network ad-

dress and the host address are variable, and determined

by the first four bits (of the first byte) of the IP address.

IP

masquerading

By means of IP masquerading a computer or LAN can be

protected from unauthorized connection request from the

Internet. Masquerading works by converting the IP ad-

dresses used in a network to one public IP address. From

the outside it appears that all requests are sent from a sin-

gle computer.

IP network

A network in which data exchange takes place on the ba-

sis of the Internet Protocol is called an IP network.

NAS

functionality

NAS is the abbreviation for Network Attached Storage

NAS designates one or more devices that are integrated

into a network to provide storage space.

In connection with the FRITZ!Box, NAS functionality means

that various services for connected USB memory are avail-

able in the FRITZ!Box so that it easier for you to use your

data and make them available in the local network. It is

easy to exchange documents in the local network via the

storage medium on the FRITZ!Box. The media server

makes music, pictures and videos in the network avail-

able to compatible playback devices. Files can also be

released for sharing in the Internet, and local memory ex-

panded by adding online storage.

NAT

abbreviation for Network Address Translation

NAT is a process used in routers to replace the address in-

formation in data packets with new address information. A

typical application for NAT are routers that connect local

networks with the Internet. In local networks, every net-

work device has a private IP address, while generally there

is only one public IP address available for the Internet. To

grant the network devices access to the Internet, the rout-

er replaces the private IP address of the sender with its

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