FRITZ 6490 Cable Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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Wireless LAN—Getting Technical

FRITZ!Box 6490 Cable

91

11n, 11a

In your radio network there are wireless LAN devices that are

compatible with one or both of the following standards:

•

802.11n

•

802.11a

Set the wireless LAN standard for the 5-GHz frequency band

to: 802.11n+a

11ac

In your radio network there are wireless devices that support

the 802.11ac standard:

Set the wireless LAN standard for the 5-GHz frequency band

to: 802.11ac

An unused frequency band can be disabled in the FRITZ!Box

in order to reduce energy consumption without losing wire-

less LAN connections.

The Standard for Security

IEEE 802.11i

The WPA2 security mechanism is defined in the IEEE 802.11i

standard. WPA2 is an extension of the familiar security mech-

anism WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access).

The main feature of the extension of WPA to WPA2 is the AES-

CCMP encryption process.

Mechanism

Encryption

WPA

TKIP (Temporary Key Integrity Protocol)

WPA2

TKIP

AES-CCMP

based on the extremely secure AES (Advanced

Encryption Standard) procedure. CCMP

(Counter Mode with CBC-MAC Protocol) de-

fines how the AES procedure is applied to

wireless LAN packets.

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Wireless LAN—Getting Technical

FRITZ!Box supports the AES encryption procedure as part of

the WPA2 mechanism, and the TKIP encryption procedure as

part of the WPA mechanism. This means that the FRITZ!Box

can be used in combination with any wireless devices that al-

so support WPA2 with AES or WPA with TKIP.

Frequency Ranges

Wireless LAN uses the frequency ranges at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz

for transmission.

With the FRITZ!Box 6490 Cable you can establish wireless

LAN connections in both frequency ranges at the same time.

2.4-GHz Frequency Band

In the 2.4-GHz frequency band wireless LAN works in the

same range as Bluetooth, microwave devices and various

other devices like radio-controlled toys, garage-door openers

and video bridges. This means that interference may occur

within wireless networks operated in the vicinity of such de-

vices. Generally this has adverse effects on the transmission

rate, including aborted connections.

A channel can have a bandwidth of 20 MHz (transmission rate

up to 216 Mbit/s) or 40 MHz (transmission rate up to

450 Mbit/s).

Channels located directly next to each other in the 2.4-GHz

band may overlap and result in mutual interference. For in-

stance, if several wireless networks are operated close to

each other in the 2.4-GHz frequency range with a bandwidth

of 20 MHz, a distance of at least five channels should be left

empty between each two channels used. This means that if

channel 1 is selected for one wireless network, the

channels 6 through 13 can be selected for a second wireless

network. This maintains the minimum distance between

channels.

Should interference in a wireless network persist, the first

step should be to select a different channel.

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Wireless LAN—Getting Technical

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Wireless Auto Channel

With the wireless auto channel function, the FRITZ!Box auto-

matically searches for the channel subject to the least inter-

ference. This process takes into consideration interference

from radio networks in the vicinity (wireless access points)

and potential sources of interference (for instance video

bridges, baby monitors, microwave ovens). Should problems

with interference persist despite this function, try to identify

the source of interference and switch it off manually.

5-GHz Frequency Band

The FRITZ!Box can operate in parallel in the 5-GHz frequency

band. This frequency range is used much less often than the

most common 2.4-GHz frequency range.

In the 5-GHz frequency band the FRITZ!Box supports automat-

ic channel switching by DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection).

DFS ensures that the channels from 52 to 140 are kept free

for higher-priority users, like weather radar systems. If you

are operating your FRITZ!Box in one of these channels, it mon-

itors the selected channel periodically for higher-priority us-

ers, and, if necessary, switches to a different channel. Note

that the FRITZ!Box waits up to ten minutes, as legally re-

quired, before occupying a free channel. During this period

you cannot register any wireless devices. The wireless LAN

connection is then established automatically.

A prerequisite for use of the 5-GHz frequency band is that

wireless devices used in the network support this frequency

range in accordance with the IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 8002.11n or

IEEE 802.11ac standard.

In the 5-GHz frequency band, two large ranges of frequencies

can be used: 5.15 GHz to 5.35 GHZ, and 5.47 GHz to

5.805 GHz. In the EU, up to 19 channels are available in these

areas:

5150—5350 MHz (channels 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60 and

64)

5470—5725 MHz (channels 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 120,

124, 128, 132, 136 and 140)

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Wireless LAN—Getting Technical

Different conditions may apply for the individual ranges.

2.4 GHz and 5 GHz

The FRITZ!Box works in the wireless network in the 2.4-GHz

range and parallel in the 5-GHz range. Both frequency ranges

can be used simultaneously for wireless LAN connections.

This means you always have the optimum data connection at

your disposal:

For applications that rely on a high transmission rate as

steady as possible (“streaming”), use the 5-GHz frequency

band. This radio band provides more channels, these chan-

nels do not overlap, and they are also subject to significantly

less external interference.

For applications that require a low to normal transmission

rate (for instance, reading and writing e-mail), use the 2.4-

GHz frequency band.

Bandwidth

Depending on which generation of the IEEE 802.11n standard

is used, the FRITZ!Box can transport 300 to 450 Mbit/s over

wireless LAN. Up to 1300 Mbit/s are possible with the

IEEE 802.11ac standard. If not enough space is available in

the radio spectrum to allow interference-free transmission on

the channel with bandwidth of 40/80 MHz, the FRITZ!Box au-

tomatically reduces bandwidths to 20/40 MHz (“fallback”)

with a correspondingly lower transmission capacity.

For connections in accordance with the 802.11ac standard

with three separate data streams (three antennas), higher da-

ta throughput can be achieved with greater bandwidth:

Standard

Channel Bandwidth (MHz)

802.11ac

Automatic selection of 20, 40 or 80

802.11n

Automatic selection of 20 or 40

802.11a

20 (always)

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Increasing bandwidths also increases the probability of inter-

ference by wireless networks in the vicinity. Large bandwidths

reduce the frequency range available to other wireless net-

works in the vicinity.

Allocation of the Wireless LAN Channels in the 2.4-GHz Range

Allocation of the Wireless LAN Channels in the 5-GHz Range

Bandwidth (MHz)

The maximum transmission (Mbit/s)

20

216

40

450

80

1300

Channel

Frequency (GHz)

Channel

Frequency (GHz)

1

2.412

8

2.447

2

2.417

9

2.452

3

2.422

10

2.457

4

2.427

11

2.462

5

2.432

12

2.467

6

2.437

13

2.472

7

2.442

Channel

Frequency (GHz)

Channel

Frequency (GHz)

36

5.180

108

5.540

40

5.200

112

5.560

44

5.220

116

5.580

48

5.240

120

5.600

52

5.260

124

5.620

56

5.280

128

5.640

60

5.300

132

5.660

64

5.320

136

5.680

100

5.500

140

5.700 (20 MHz band-

width only)

104

5.520

Rate

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