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Appendix A
How to Manually find your PC’s IP and MAC address
1)
In Window’s open the Command Prompt program
2) Type
Ipconfig /all
and <enter>
•
Your PC’s IP address is the one entitled
IP address
(192.168.1.77)
•
The router’s IP address is the one entitled
Default Gateway
(192.168.1.254)
•
Your PC’s MAC Address is the one entitled
Physical Address
(00-50-FC-FE-02-DB)
Glossary
Bridge:
A bridge is an intelligent, internetworking device that forwards or filters packets between different networks based
on data link layer (MAC) address information.
Default Gateway (Router):
Every non-router IP device needs to configure a default gateway’s IP address. When the device
sends out an IP packet, if the destination is not on the same network, the device has to send the packet to its default
gateway, which will then send it out towards the destination.
DHCP:
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This protocol automatically gives every computer on your home network an IP
address.
DNS Server IP Address:
DNS stands for Domain Name System, which allows Internet servers to have a domain name
(such as www.Broadbandrouter.com) and one or more IP addresses (such as 192.34.45.8). A DNS server keeps a
database of Internet servers and their respective domain names and IP addresses, so that when a domain name is
requested (as in typing "Broadbandrouter.com" into your Internet browser), the user is sent to the proper IP address. The
DNS server IP address used by the computers on your home network is the location of the DNS server your ISP has
assigned to you.
DSL Modem:
DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. A DSL modem uses your existing phone lines to transmit data at high
speeds.
Ethernet:
A standard for computer networks. Ethernet networks are connected by special cables and hubs, and move data
around at up to 10/100 million bits per second (Mbps).
Idle Timeout:
Idle Timeout is designed so that after there is no traffic to the Internet for a pre-configured amount of time,
the connection will automatically be disconnected.
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IP Address and Network (Subnet) Mask:
IP stands for Internet Protocol. An IP address consists of a series of four
numbers separated by periods, that identifies a single, unique Internet computer host in an IP network. Example:
192.168.2.1. It consists of 2 portions: the IP network address, and the host identifier.
The IP address is a 32-bit binary pattern, which can be represented as four cascaded decimal numbers separated by “.”:
aaa.aaa.aaa.aaa, where each “aaa” can be anything from 000 to 255, or as four cascaded binary numbers separated by “.”:
bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb, where each “b” can either be 0 or 1.
A network mask is also a 32-bit binary pattern, and consists of consecutive leading
1’s followed by consecutive trailing 0’s, such as
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000. Therefore sometimes a network mask can also be described simply as “x”
number of leading 1’s.
When both are represented side by side in their binary forms, all bits in the IP address that correspond to 1’s in the network
mask become part of the IP network address, and the remaining bits correspond to the host ID.
For example, if the IP address for a device is, in its binary form,
11011001.10110000.1001
0000.00000111, and if its network mask is,
11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
It means the device’s network address is
11011001.10110000.1001
0000.00000000, and its host ID is,
00000000.00000000.00000000.00000111
. This is a convenient and efficient method for routers to route IP packets to their
destination.
ISP Gateway Address:
(see ISP for definition). The ISP Gateway Address is an IP address for the Internet router located
at the ISP's office.
ISP:
Internet Service Provider. An ISP is a business that provides connectivity to the Internet for individuals and other
businesses or organizations.
LAN:
Local Area Network. A LAN is a group of computers and devices connected together in a relatively small area (such
as a house or an office). Your home network is considered a LAN.
MAC Address:
MAC stands for Media Access Control. A MAC address is the hardware address of a device connected to a
network. The MAC address is a unique identifier for a device with an Ethernet interface. It is comprised of two parts: 3 bytes
of data that corresponds to the Manufacturer ID (unique for each manufacturer), plus 3 bytes that are often used as the
product’s serial number.
NAT:
Network Address Translation. This process allows all of the computers on your home network to use one IP address.
Using the broadband router’s NAT capability, you can access the Internet from any computer on your home network without
having to purchase more IP addresses from your ISP.
Port:
Network Clients (LAN PC) uses port numbers to distinguish one network application/protocol over another. Below is a
list of common applications and protocol/port numbers:
Application
Protocol
Port Number
Telnet
TCP
23
FTP
TCP
21
SMTP
TCP
25
POP3
TCP
110
H.323
TCP
1720
SNMP
UCP
161
SNMP Trap
UDP
162
HTTP
TCP
80
PPTP
TCP
1723
PC Anywhere
TCP
5631
PC Anywhere
UDP
5632
PPPoE:
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. Point-to-Point Protocol is a secure data transmission method originally
created for dial-up connections; PPPoE is for Ethernet connections.
PPPoE
relies on two widely accepted standards,
Ethernet and the Point-to-Point Protocol. It is a communications protocol for transmitting information over Ethernet between
different manufacturers
Protocol:
A protocol is a set of rules for interaction agreed upon between multiple parties so that when they interface with
each other based on such a protocol, the interpretation of their behavior is well defined and can be made objectively,
without confusion or misunderstanding.
Router:
A router is an intelligent network device that forwards packets between different networks based on network layer
address information such as IP addresses.
Subnet Mask:
A subnet mask, which may be a part of the TCP/IP information provided by your ISP, is a set of four
numbers (e.g. 255.255.255.0) configured like an IP address. It is used to create IP address numbers used only within a
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particular network (as opposed to valid IP address numbers recognized by the Internet, which must be assigned by
InterNIC).
TCP/IP, UDP:
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Unreliable Datagram Protocol (UDP). TCP/IP
is the standard protocol for data transmission over the Internet. Both TCP and UDP are transport layer protocol. TCP
performs proper error detection and error recovery, and thus is reliable. UDP on the other hand is not reliable. They both
run on top of the IP (Internet Protocol), a network layer protocol.
WAN:
Wide Area Network. A network that connects computers located in geographically separate areas (e.g. different
buildings, cities, countries). The Internet is a wide area network.
Web-based management Graphical User Interface (GUI):
Many devices support a graphical user interface that is based
on the web browser. This means the user can use the familiar Netscape or Microsoft Internet Explorer to Control/configure
or monitor the device being managed.
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