Appendix A

How to Manually find your PC’s IP and MAC address

1)

In Window’s open the Command Prompt program

2) Type

Ipconfig /all

and <enter>

•

Your PC’s IP address is the one entitled

IP address

(192.168.1.77)

•

The router’s IP address is the one entitled

Default Gateway

(192.168.1.254)

•

Your PC’s MAC Address is the one entitled

Physical Address

(00-50-FC-FE-02-DB)

Glossary

Bridge:

A bridge is an intelligent, internetworking device that forwards or filters packets between different networks based

on data link layer (MAC) address information.

Default Gateway (Router):

Every non-router IP device needs to configure a default gateway’s IP address. When the device

sends out an IP packet, if the destination is not on the same network, the device has to send the packet to its default

gateway, which will then send it out towards the destination.

DHCP:

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This protocol automatically gives every computer on your home network an IP

address.

DNS Server IP Address:

DNS stands for Domain Name System, which allows Internet servers to have a domain name

(such as www.Broadbandrouter.com) and one or more IP addresses (such as 192.34.45.8). A DNS server keeps a

database of Internet servers and their respective domain names and IP addresses, so that when a domain name is

requested (as in typing "Broadbandrouter.com" into your Internet browser), the user is sent to the proper IP address. The

DNS server IP address used by the computers on your home network is the location of the DNS server your ISP has

assigned to you.

DSL Modem:

DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. A DSL modem uses your existing phone lines to transmit data at high

speeds.

Ethernet:

A standard for computer networks. Ethernet networks are connected by special cables and hubs, and move data

around at up to 10/100 million bits per second (Mbps).

Idle Timeout:

Idle Timeout is designed so that after there is no traffic to the Internet for a pre-configured amount of time,

the connection will automatically be disconnected.

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IP Address and Network (Subnet) Mask:

IP stands for Internet Protocol. An IP address consists of a series of four

numbers separated by periods, that identifies a single, unique Internet computer host in an IP network. Example:

192.168.2.1. It consists of 2 portions: the IP network address, and the host identifier.

The IP address is a 32-bit binary pattern, which can be represented as four cascaded decimal numbers separated by “.”:

aaa.aaa.aaa.aaa, where each “aaa” can be anything from 000 to 255, or as four cascaded binary numbers separated by “.”:

bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb.bbbbbbbb, where each “b” can either be 0 or 1.

A network mask is also a 32-bit binary pattern, and consists of consecutive leading

1’s followed by consecutive trailing 0’s, such as

11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000. Therefore sometimes a network mask can also be described simply as “x”

number of leading 1’s.

When both are represented side by side in their binary forms, all bits in the IP address that correspond to 1’s in the network

mask become part of the IP network address, and the remaining bits correspond to the host ID.

For example, if the IP address for a device is, in its binary form,

11011001.10110000.1001

0000.00000111, and if its network mask is,

11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000

It means the device’s network address is

11011001.10110000.1001

0000.00000000, and its host ID is,

00000000.00000000.00000000.00000111

. This is a convenient and efficient method for routers to route IP packets to their

destination.

ISP Gateway Address:

(see ISP for definition). The ISP Gateway Address is an IP address for the Internet router located

at the ISP's office.

ISP:

Internet Service Provider. An ISP is a business that provides connectivity to the Internet for individuals and other

businesses or organizations.

LAN:

Local Area Network. A LAN is a group of computers and devices connected together in a relatively small area (such

as a house or an office). Your home network is considered a LAN.

MAC Address:

MAC stands for Media Access Control. A MAC address is the hardware address of a device connected to a

network. The MAC address is a unique identifier for a device with an Ethernet interface. It is comprised of two parts: 3 bytes

of data that corresponds to the Manufacturer ID (unique for each manufacturer), plus 3 bytes that are often used as the

product’s serial number.

NAT:

Network Address Translation. This process allows all of the computers on your home network to use one IP address.

Using the broadband router’s NAT capability, you can access the Internet from any computer on your home network without

having to purchase more IP addresses from your ISP.

Port:

Network Clients (LAN PC) uses port numbers to distinguish one network application/protocol over another. Below is a

list of common applications and protocol/port numbers:

Application

Protocol

Port Number

Telnet

TCP

23

FTP

TCP

21

SMTP

TCP

25

POP3

TCP

110

H.323

TCP

1720

SNMP

UCP

161

SNMP Trap

UDP

162

HTTP

TCP

80

PPTP

TCP

1723

PC Anywhere

TCP

5631

PC Anywhere

UDP

5632

PPPoE:

Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. Point-to-Point Protocol is a secure data transmission method originally

created for dial-up connections; PPPoE is for Ethernet connections.

PPPoE

relies on two widely accepted standards,

Ethernet and the Point-to-Point Protocol. It is a communications protocol for transmitting information over Ethernet between

different manufacturers

Protocol:

A protocol is a set of rules for interaction agreed upon between multiple parties so that when they interface with

each other based on such a protocol, the interpretation of their behavior is well defined and can be made objectively,

without confusion or misunderstanding.

Router:

A router is an intelligent network device that forwards packets between different networks based on network layer

address information such as IP addresses.

Subnet Mask:

A subnet mask, which may be a part of the TCP/IP information provided by your ISP, is a set of four

numbers (e.g. 255.255.255.0) configured like an IP address. It is used to create IP address numbers used only within a

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particular network (as opposed to valid IP address numbers recognized by the Internet, which must be assigned by

InterNIC).

TCP/IP, UDP:

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Unreliable Datagram Protocol (UDP). TCP/IP

is the standard protocol for data transmission over the Internet. Both TCP and UDP are transport layer protocol. TCP

performs proper error detection and error recovery, and thus is reliable. UDP on the other hand is not reliable. They both

run on top of the IP (Internet Protocol), a network layer protocol.

WAN:

Wide Area Network. A network that connects computers located in geographically separate areas (e.g. different

buildings, cities, countries). The Internet is a wide area network.

Web-based management Graphical User Interface (GUI):

Many devices support a graphical user interface that is based

on the web browser. This means the user can use the familiar Netscape or Microsoft Internet Explorer to Control/configure

or monitor the device being managed.

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