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Page 66 / 75 Scroll up to view Page 61 - 65
DSL-504T DSL Router User
’
s Guide
58
network), while the last three numbers denote the host IP address (each computer must have a
unique address to distinguish it on the network). The IP address scheme used in Example #1 can
be used for any LAN that requires up to 253 separate IP addresses (excluding the Router). Notice
that the subnet mask is the same for all machines and the default gateway address is the LAN IP
address of the Router.
It is a good idea to make a note of each device
’
s IP address for reference during troubleshooting or
when adding new stations or devices.
Using DHCP
The second way to use the default settings is to allow the Router to automatically assign IP settings
for workstation using DHCP. To do this, simply make sure your computers
’
IP addresses are set to
0.0.0.0 (under Windows, choose the option Obtain an IP address automatically in the TCP/IP
network component described above). When the computers are restarted, their IP settings will
automatically be assigned by the Router.
The Router is set by default to use DHCP. See the
discussion in Chapter 3 for information on how to use configure the Router for DHCP.
Changing the IP Address of the Router
When planning your LAN IP address setup, you may use any scheme allowed by rules that govern
IP assignment. It may be more convenient or easier to remember an IP scheme that use a different
address for the Router. Or you may be installing the Router on a network that has already
established the IP settings. Changing the IP address is a simple matter and can be done using the
web manager (see
LAN IP Address
in Chapter 5). If you are incorporating the Router into a LAN
with an existing IP structure, be sure to disable the DHCP function. Also, consider the effects of
NAT (Network Address Translation). This is enabled by default but may be disabled in the NAT
menu of the Advanced directory.
An IP addressing scheme commonly used for Ethernet LANs establishes 10.0.0.1 as the base
address for the network. Using Example #2 below, the Router is assigned the base address
10.0.0.1 and the remaining addresses are assigned manually or using DHCP.
Host
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Gateway IP
Router
10.0.0.1
255.0.0.0
Computer #1
10.0.0.2
255.0.0.0
10.0.0.1
Computer #2
10.0.0.3
255.0.0.0
10.0.0.1
Computer #3
10.0.0.4
255.0.0.0
10.0.0.1
IP Setup - Example #2
These two examples are only examples you can use to help you get started. Other common private
network IP addressing schemes use a base address of 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1. If you are
interested in more advanced information on how to use IP addressing on a LAN there are numerous
resources freely available on the Internet. There are also many books and chapters of books on the
subject of IP address assignment, IP networking and the TCP/IP protocol suite.
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DSL-504T DSL Router User
’
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59
C
IP Concepts
This appendix describes some basic IP concepts, the TCP/IP addressing scheme and shows how to
assign IP Addresses.
When setting up the Router, you must make sure it has a valid IP address. Even if you will not use
the WAN port (ADSL port), you should, at the very least, make sure the Ethernet LAN port is
assigned a valid IP address. This is required for telnet, in-band SNMP management, and related
functions such as
“
trap
”
handling and TFTP firmware download.
IP Addresses
The Internet Protocol (IP) was designed for routing data between network sites all over the world,
and was later adapted for routing data between networks within any site (often referred to as
“
subnetworks
”
or
“
subnets
”
). IP includes a system by which a unique number can be assigned to
each of the millions of networks and each of the computers on those networks. Such a number is
called an IP address.
To make IP addresses easy to understand, the originators of IP adopted a system of representation
called
“
dotted decimal
”
or
“
dotted quad
”
notation. Below are examples of IP addresses written in
this format:
201.202.203.204
189.21.241.56
125.87.0.1
Each of the four values in an IP address is the ordinary decimal (base 10) representation of a value
that a computer can handle using eight
“
bits
”
(binary digits
—
1s and 0s). The dots are simply
convenient visual separators.
Zeros are often used as placeholders in dotted decimal notation; 189.21.241.56 can therefore also
appear as 189.021.241.056.
IP networks are divided into three classes on the basis of size. A full IP address contains a network
portion and a
“
host
”
(device) portion. The network and host portions of the address are different
lengths for different classes of networks, as shown in the table below.
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DSL-504T DSL Router User
’
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Networks attached to the Internet are assigned class types that determine the maximum number
of possible hosts per network. The previous figure illustrates how the net and host portions of the
IP address differ among the three classes. Class A is assigned to networks that have more than
65,535 hosts; Class B is for networks that have 256 to 65534 hosts; Class C is for networks with
less than 256 hosts.
A
126
1(.0.0.0) to 126(.0.0.0)
16,777,214
B
16,382
128.1(.0.0) to 191.254(.0.0)
65,534
C
2,097,150
192.0.1(.0) to 223.255.254(.0)
254
Note:
All network addresses outside of these ranges (Class D and E) are either
reserved or set aside for experimental networks or multicasting.
When an IP address's host portion contains only zero(s), the address identifies a network and not a
host. No physical device may be given such an address.
The network portion must start with a value from 1 to 126 or from 128 to 223. Any other value(s)
in the network portion may be from 0 to 255, except that in class B the network addresses
128.0.0.0 and 191.255.0.0 are reserved, and in class C the network addresses 192.0.0.0 and
223.255.255.0 are reserved.
The value(s) in the host portion of a physical device's IP address can be in the range of 0 through
255 as long as this portion is not all-0 or all-255. Values outside the range of 0 to 255 can never
appear in an IP address (0 to 255 is the full range of integer values that can be expressed with
eight bits).
The network portion must be the same for all the IP devices on a discrete physical network (a
single Ethernet LAN, for example, or a WAN link). The host portion must be different for each IP
device
—
or, to be more precise, each IP-capable port or interface
—
connected directly to that
network.
The network portion of an IP address will be referred to in this manual as a
network number
; the
host portion will be referred to as a
host number
.
To connect to the Internet or to any private IP network that uses an Internet-assigned network
number, you must obtain a registered IP network number from an Internet-authorized network
information center. In many countries you must apply through a government agency, however they
can usually be obtained from your Internet Service Provider (ISP).
If your organization's networks are, and will always remain, a closed system with no connection to
the Internet or to any other IP network, you can choose your own network numbers as long as
they conform to the above rules.
If your networks are isolated from the Internet, e.g. only between your two branch offices, you can
assign any IP Addresses to hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP Addresses specifically for private
(stub) networks:
A
10.0.0.0
10.255.255.255
B
172.16.0.0
172.31.255.255
C
192.168.0.0
192.168.255.255
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DSL-504T DSL Router User
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It is recommended that you choose private network IP Addresses from the above list. For more
information on address assignment, refer to RFC 1597,
Address Allocation for Private Internets
and
RFC 1466,
Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space
.
Subnet Mask
In the absence of subnetworks, standard TCP/IP addressing may be used by specifying subnet
masks as shown below.
Class A
255.0.0.0
Class B
255.255.0.0
Class C
255.255.255.0
Subnet mask settings other than those listed above add significance to the interpretation of bits in
the IP address. The bits of the subnet mask correspond directly to the bits of the IP address. Any
bit an a subnet mask that is to correspond to a net ID bit in the IP address must be set to 1.
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DSL-504T DSL Router User
’
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D
Microfilters and Splitters
Most ADSL clients will be required to install a simple device that prevents the ADSL line from
interfering with regular telephone services. These devices are commonly referred to as microfilters
or sometimes called (inaccurately) line splitters. They are easy to install and use standard
telephone connectors and cable.
Some ADSL service providers will send a telecommunications technician to modify the telephone
line, usually at the point where the telephone line enters the building. If a technician has divided or
split your telephone line into two separate lines - one for regular telephone service and the other
for ADSL
–
then you do not need to use any type of filter device. Follow the instructions given to
you by your ADSL service provider about where and how you should connect the Router to the
ADSL line.
Microfilters
Unless you are instructed to use a
“
line splitter
”
(see below), it will be necessary to install a
microfilter (low pass filter) device for each telephone or telephone device (answering machines,
Faxes etc.) that shares the line with the ADSL service. Microfilters are easy-to-install, in-line
devices, which attach to the telephone cable between the telephone and wall jack. Microfilters that
install behind the wall plate are also available. A typical in-line microfilter installation is shown in
the diagram below.
Microfilter Installation
Note

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