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Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide
311
6
Click the
Activate
button to apply the changes. The following screen displays. Click
Yes to save
the changes in all screens.
Figure 178
Red Hat 9.0: KDE: Network Configuration: Activate
7
After the network card restart process is complete, make sure the
Status
is
Active
in the
Network
Configuration
screen.
Using Configuration Files
Follow the steps below to edit the network configuration files and set your computer IP address.
1
Assuming that you have only one network card on the computer, locate the
ifconfig-eth0
configuration file (where
eth0
is the name of the Ethernet card). Open the configuration file with
any plain text editor.
•
If you have a dynamic IP address, enter
dhcp
in the
BOOTPROTO=
field.
The following figure
shows an example.
Figure 179
Red Hat 9.0: Dynamic IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0
•
If you have a static IP address, enter
static
in the
BOOTPROTO=
field. Type
IPADDR
= followed
by the IP address (in dotted decimal notation) and type
NETMASK
= followed by the subnet
mask. The following example shows an example where the static IP address is 192.168.1.10
and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0.
Figure 180
Red Hat 9.0: Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
USERCTL=no
PEERDNS=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=
192.168.1.10
NETMASK=
255.255.255.0
USERCTL=no
PEERDNS=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
Page 312 / 367
Appendix A Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address
VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide
312
2
If you know your DNS server IP address(es), enter the DNS server information in the
resolv.conf
file in the
/etc
directory.
The following figure shows an example where two DNS server IP
addresses are specified.
Figure 181
Red Hat 9.0: DNS Settings in resolv.conf
3
After you edit and save the configuration files, you must restart the network card. Enter
./network
restart
in the
/etc/rc.d/init.d
directory.
The following figure shows an example.
Figure 182
Red Hat 9.0: Restart Ethernet Card
Verifying Settings
Enter
ifconfig
in a terminal screen to check your TCP/IP properties.
Figure 183
Red Hat 9.0: Checking TCP/IP Properties
nameserver 172.23.5.1
nameserver 172.23.5.2
[root@localhost init.d]# network restart
Shutting down interface eth0:
[OK]
Shutting down loopback interface:
[OK]
Setting network parameters:
[OK]
Bringing up loopback interface:
[OK]
Bringing up interface eth0:
[OK]
[root@localhost]# ifconfig
eth0
Link encap:Ethernet
HWaddr 00:50:BA:72:5B:44
inet addr:172.23.19.129
Bcast:172.23.19.255
Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST
MTU:1500
Metric:1
RX packets:717 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:13 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
RX bytes:730412 (713.2 Kb)
TX bytes:1570 (1.5 Kb)
Interrupt:10 Base address:0x1000
[root@localhost]#
Page 313 / 367
VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide
313
A
PPENDIX
B
IP Addresses and Subnetting
This appendix introduces IP addresses and subnet masks.
IP addresses identify individual devices on a network. Every networking device (including
computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the
network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network. You can also use
subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
Introduction to IP Addresses
One part of the IP address is the network number, and the other part is the host ID. In the same
way that houses on a street share a common street name, the hosts on a network share a common
network number. Similarly, as each house has its own house number, each host on the network has
its own unique identifying number - the host ID. Routers use the network number to send packets
to the correct network, while the host ID determines to which host on the network the packets are
delivered.
Structure
An IP address is made up of four parts, written in dotted decimal notation (for example,
192.168.1.1). Each of these four parts is known as an octet. An octet is an eight-digit binary
number (for example 11000000, which is 192 in decimal notation).
Therefore, each octet has a possible range of 00000000 to 11111111 in binary, or 0 to 255 in
decimal.
Page 314 / 367
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting
VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide
314
The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are
the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID.
Figure 184
Network Number and Host ID
How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according
to the subnet mask.
Subnet Masks
A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are
part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term “subnet” is short for “sub-network”.
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a “1” then the corresponding bit in the IP
address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is “0” then the corresponding bit
in the IP address is part of the host ID.
The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host
ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal).
By convention, subnet masks always consist of a continuous sequence of ones beginning from the
leftmost bit of the mask, followed by a continuous sequence of zeros, for a total number of 32 bits.
Table 114
Subnet Masks
1ST OCTET:
(192)
2ND
OCTET:
(168)
3RD
OCTET:
(1)
4TH OCTET
(2)
IP Address (Binary)
11000000
10101000
00000001
00000010
Subnet Mask (Binary)
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
Network Number
11000000
10101000
00000001
Host ID
00000010
Page 315 / 367
Appendix B IP Addresses and Subnetting
VMG4380-B10A / VMG4325-B10A User’s Guide
315
Subnet masks can be referred to by the size of the network number part (the bits with a “1” value).
For example, an “8-bit mask” means that the first 8 bits of the mask are ones and the remaining 24
bits are zeroes.
Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The following
examples show the binary and decimal notation for 8-bit, 16-bit, 24-bit and 29-bit subnet masks.
Network Size
The size of the network number determines the maximum number of possible hosts you can have
on your network. The larger the number of network number bits, the smaller the number of
remaining host ID bits.
An IP address with host IDs of all zeros is the IP address of the network (192.168.1.0 with a 24-bit
subnet mask, for example). An IP address with host IDs of all ones is the broadcast address for that
network
(192.168.1.255 with a 24-bit subnet mask, for example).
As these two IP addresses cannot be used for individual hosts, calculate the maximum number of
possible hosts in a network as follows:
Notation
Since the mask is always a continuous number of ones beginning from the left, followed by a
continuous number of zeros for the remainder of the 32 bit mask, you can simply specify the
number of ones instead of writing the value of each octet. This is usually specified by writing a “/”
followed by the number of bits in the mask after the address.
For example, 192.1.1.0 /25 is equivalent to saying 192.1.1.0 with subnet mask 255.255.255.128.
Table 115
Subnet Masks
BINARY
DECIMAL
1ST
OCTET
2ND
OCTET
3RD
OCTET
4TH OCTET
8-bit mask
11111111
00000000
00000000
00000000
255.0.0.0
16-bit mask
11111111
11111111
00000000
00000000
255.255.0.0
24-bit mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
255.255.255.0
29-bit mask
11111111
11111111
11111111
11111000
255.255.255.248
Table 116
Maximum Host Numbers
SUBNET MASK
HOST ID SIZE
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOSTS
8 bits
255.0.0.0
24 bits
2
24
– 2
16777214
16 bits
255.255.0.0
16 bits
2
16
– 2
65534
24 bits
255.255.255.0
8 bits
2
8
– 2
254
29 bits
255.255.255.24
8
3 bits
2
3
– 2
6

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