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Page 106 / 382 Scroll up to view Page 101 - 105
Chapter 6 LAN Setup
P-870HN-51b User’s Guide
106
6.5
Technical Reference
The following section contains additional technical information about the Device
features described in this chapter.
LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device
The actual physical connection determines whether the Device ports are LAN or
WAN ports. There are two separate IP networks, one inside the LAN network and
the other outside the WAN network as shown next.
Figure 49
LAN and WAN IP Addresses
DHCP Setup
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131 and RFC 2132) allows
individual clients to obtain TCP/IP configuration at start-up from a server. You can
configure the Device as a DHCP server or disable it. When configured as a server,
the Device provides the TCP/IP configuration for the clients. If you turn DHCP
Add
This option is available for regular DHCP table entries. Select this to
make a regular DHCP table entry into a static DHCP entry to always
assign the listed IP address to the device with the specified MAC
address.
This field is blank for dynamic DHCP entries.
Remove
This is only available for static DHCP entries.
If the static DHCP entry is for a device that is not connected, click
Remove
to delete the static DHCP entry.
If the static DHCP entry is for a device that is connected, click
Remove
to change the static DHCP entry into a regular DHCP entry.
Table 24
Network > LAN > Client List (continued)
LABEL
DESCRIPTION
Internet
WAN
LAN
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service off, you must have another DHCP server on your LAN, or else the
computer must be manually configured.
IP Pool Setup
The Device is pre-configured with a pool of IP addresses for the DHCP clients
(DHCP Pool). See the product specifications in the appendices. Do not assign static
IP addresses from the DHCP pool to your LAN computers.
LAN TCP/IP
The Device has built-in DHCP server capability that assigns IP addresses and DNS
servers to systems that support DHCP client capability.
IP Address and Subnet Mask
Similar to the way houses on a street share a common street name, so too do
computers on a LAN share one common network number.
Where you obtain your network number depends on your particular situation. If
the ISP or your network administrator assigns you a block of registered IP
addresses, follow their instructions in selecting the IP addresses and the subnet
mask.
If the ISP did not explicitly give you an IP network number, then most likely you
have a single user account and the ISP will assign you a dynamic IP address when
the connection is established. If this is the case, it is recommended that you select
a network number from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.0 and you must enable the
Network Address Translation (NAT) feature of the Device. The Internet Assigned
Number Authority (IANA) reserved this block of addresses specifically for private
use; please do not use any other number unless you are told otherwise. Let's say
you select 192.168.1.0 as the network number; which covers 254 individual
addresses, from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254 (zero and 255 are reserved). In
other words, the first three numbers specify the network number while the last
number identifies an individual computer on that network.
Once you have decided on the network number, pick an IP address that is easy to
remember, for instance, 192.168.1.1, for your Device, but make sure that no
other device on your network is using that IP address.
The subnet mask specifies the network number portion of an IP address. Your
Device will compute the subnet mask automatically based on the IP address that
you entered. You don't need to change the subnet mask computed by the Device
unless you are instructed to do otherwise.
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Private IP Addresses
Every machine on the Internet must have a unique address. If your networks are
isolated from the Internet, for example, only between your two branch offices, you
can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP
addresses specifically for private networks:
• 10.0.0.0
— 10.255.255.255
• 172.16.0.0
— 172.31.255.255
•
192.168.0.0 — 192.168.255.255
You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or it can be assigned
from a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet
access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for
your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger
organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP
addresses.
Note:
Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;
always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address
assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, “Address Allocation for Private
Internets”
and RFC 1466, “Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space”.
Multicast
Traditionally, IP packets are transmitted in one of either two ways - Unicast (1
sender - 1 recipient) or Broadcast (1 sender - everybody on the network).
Multicast delivers IP packets to a group of hosts on the network - not everybody
and not just 1.
IGMP (Internet Group Multicast Protocol) is a network-layer protocol used to
establish membership in a Multicast group - it is not used to carry user data. IGMP
version 2 (RFC 2236) is an improvement over version 1 (RFC 1112) but IGMP
version 1 is still in wide use. If you would like to read more detailed information
about interoperability between IGMP version 2 and version 1, please see sections
4 and 5 of RFC 2236. The class D IP address is used to identify host groups and
can be in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The address 224.0.0.0 is not
assigned to any group and is used by IP multicast computers. The address
224.0.0.1 is used for query messages and is assigned to the permanent group of
all IP hosts (including gateways). All hosts must join the 224.0.0.1 group in order
to participate in IGMP. The address 224.0.0.2 is assigned to the multicast routers
group.
The Device supports both IGMP version 1 (
IGMP-v1
) and IGMP version 2 (
IGMP-
v2
). At start up, the Device queries all directly connected networks to gather
group membership. After that, the Device periodically updates this information. IP
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multicasting can be enabled/disabled on the Device LAN and/or WAN interfaces in
the web configurator (
LAN
;
WAN
). Select
None
to disable IP multicasting on
these interfaces.
IP Alias
IP alias allows you to partition a physical network into different logical networks
over the same Ethernet interface. The Device supports three logical LAN interfaces
via its single physical Ethernet interface with the Device itself as the gateway for
each LAN network.
When you use IP alias, you can also configure firewall rules to control access
between the LAN's logical networks (subnets).
Note: Make sure that the subnets of the logical networks do not overlap.
The following figure shows a LAN divided into subnets A and B.
Figure 50
Physical Network & Partitioned Logical Networks
Ethernet
Interface
A: 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.24
B: 192.168.2.1 - 192.168.2.24
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