Zyxel P-663HN-51 Frontier Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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WAN Setup

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Page 53 / 300

P-663HN-51 User’s Guide

HAPTER

WAN Setup

5.1

WAN Overview

A WAN (Wide Area Network) is an outside connection to another network or the

Internet.

5.1.1

VPI and VCI

Be sure to use the correct Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) and Virtual Channel

Identifier (VCI) numbers assigned to you. The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255

and for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local management of ATM

traffic). Please see the appendix for more information.

5.1.2

Multiplexing

There are two conventions to identify what protocols the virtual circuit (VC) is

carrying. Be sure to use the multiplexing method required by your ISP.

5.1.2.1

VC-based Multiplexing

In this case, by prior mutual agreement, each protocol is assigned to a specific

virtual circuit; for example, VC1 carries IP, etc. VC-based multiplexing may be

dominant in environments where dynamic creation of large numbers of ATM VCs is

fast and economical.

5.1.2.2

LLC-based Multiplexing

In this case one VC carries multiple protocols with protocol identifying information

being contained in each packet header. Despite the extra bandwidth and

processing overhead, this method may be advantageous if it is not practical to

have a separate VC for each carried protocol, for example, if charging heavily

depends on the number of simultaneous VCs.

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Chapter 5 WAN Setup

P-663HN-51 User’s Guide

5.2

Traffic Shaping

Traffic shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate

the average rate and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This

agreement helps eliminate congestion, which is important for transmission of real

time data such as audio and video connections.

Note: Traffic shaping controls outgoing (upstream) traffic, not incoming (downstream).

Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This

parameter may be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM

cell is 53 bytes (424 bits), so a maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum

PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not guaranteed because it is dependent on the

line speed.

Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It

specifies the maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual

connection. SCR may not be greater than the PCR.

Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at

the PCR. After MBS is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to

the SCR again. At this time, more cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR

again.

If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a

maximum value that correlates to your upstream line rate.

The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.

Figure 21

Example of Traffic Shaping

5.2.1

ATM Traffic Classes

These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic

Management 4.0 Specification.

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Chapter 5 WAN Setup

P-663HN-51 User’s Guide

5.2.1.1

Constant Bit Rate (CBR)

Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if

no data is being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate

delay). CBR is used for connections that continuously require a specific amount of

bandwidth. A PCR is specified and if traffic exceeds this rate, cells may be

dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR would be high-resolution video

and voice.

5.2.1.2

Variable Bit Rate (VBR)

The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections.

Connections that use the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into

realtime or non realtime

connections.

The realtime VBR type is used with bursty connections that require closely

controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth

(a PCR is specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of

an realtime VBR connection would be video conferencing. Video conferencing

requires real-time data transfers and the bandwidth requirement varies in

proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.

The non realtime VBR type is used with bursty connections that do not require

closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty"

traffic typical on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the

minimum level. An example of an non realtime VBR connection would be non-time

sensitive data file transfers.

5.2.1.3

Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)

The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers.

However, UBR doesn't guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the

network has spare bandwidth. An example application is background file transfer.

5.3

WAN

Click

Advanced Setup > WAN

to open the following screen.

This screen displays

your ZyXEL Device’s WAN Internet access settings. You can also edit those

settings and add more settings. The screen differs by the encapsulation.

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