Zyxel P-330W Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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ZyXEL P-330W User’s Guide

Appendix G Antenna Selection and Positioning Recommendation

126

Appendix G

Antenna Selection and Positioning

Recommendation

An antenna couples RF signals onto air. A transmitter within a wireless device sends an RF

signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in

reverse by capturing RF signals from the air.

Choosing the right antennas and positioning them properly increases the range and coverage

area of a wireless LAN.

Antenna Characteristics

Frequency

An antenna in the frequency of 2.4GHz (IEEE 802.11b) or 5GHz(IEEE 802.11a) is needed to

communicate efficiently in a wireless LAN.

Radiation Pattern

A radiation pattern is a diagram that allows you to visualize the shape of the antenna’s

coverage area.

Antenna Gain

Antenna gain, measured in dB (decibel), is the increase in coverage within the RF beam width.

Higher antenna gain improves the range of the signal for better communications.

For an indoor site, each 1 dB increase in antenna gain results in a range increase of

approximately 2.5%. For an unobstructed outdoor site, each 1dB increase in gain results in a

range increase of approximately 5%. Actual results may vary depending on the network

environment.

Antenna gain is sometimes specified in dBi, which is how much the antenna increases the

signal power compared to using an isotropic antenna. An isotropic antenna is a theoretical

perfect antenna that sends out radio signals equally well in all directions. dBi represents the

true gain that the antenna provides.

Types of Antennas For WLAN

There are two types of antennas used for wireless LAN applications.

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ZyXEL P-330W User’s Guide

127

Appendix G Antenna Selection and Positioning Recommendation

•

Omni-directional antennas send the RF signal out in all directions on a horizontal plane.

The coverage area is torus-shaped (like a donut) which makes these antennas ideal for a

room environment. With a wide coverage area, it is possible to make circular overlapping

coverage areas with multiple access points.

•

Directional antennas concentrate the RF signal in a beam, like a flashlight. The angle of

the beam width determines the direction of the coverage pattern; typically ranges from 20

degrees (less directional) to 90 degrees (very directional). The directional antennas are

ideal for hallways and outdoor point-to-point applications.

Positioning Antennas

In general, antennas should be mounted as high as practically possible and free of

obstructions. In point-to –point application, position both transmitting and receiving antenna

at the same height and in a direct line of sight to each other to attend the best performance.

For omni-directional antennas mounted on a table, desk, and so on, point the antenna up. For

omni-directional antennas mounted on a wall or ceiling, point the antenna down. For a single

AP application, place omni-directional antennas as close to the center of the coverage area as

possible.

For directional antennas, point the antenna in the direction of the desired coverage area.

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ZyXEL P-330W User’s Guide

Appendix H Open Saftware Announcements

128

Appendix H

Open Saftware Announcements

Information herein is subject to change without notice. Companies, names, and data used in

examples herein are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, except the

express written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation.

This Product includes Zlib under Zlib License

Zlib License

/* zlib.h -- interface of the 'zlib' general purpose compression library version 1.2.2, October 3rd, 2004

This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty.

In no event will the authors

be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.

Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial

applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:

1.

The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the

original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product

documentation would be appreciated but is not required.

2.

Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the

original software.

3.

This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

Jean-loup Gailly [email protected]

Mark Adler [email protected]

ZLIB is third party library and has its own license.

files under src/acdk/vfile/zlib are published under following Copyright and license:

zlib.h -- interface of the 'zlib' general purpose compression library version 1.1.3, July 9th, 1998

This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty.

In no event will the authors

be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.

Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial

applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:

1.

The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the

original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product

documentation would be appreciated but is not required.

2.

Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the

original software.

3.

This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

Jean-loup Gailly

Mark Adler

[email protected]

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ZyXEL P-330W User’s Guide

129

Appendix H Open Saftware Announcements

The data format used by the zlib library is described by RFCs (Request for Comments) 1950 to 1952 in

the files

ftp

//ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1950.txt

(zlib format), rfc1951.txt (deflate format) and rfc1952.txt

(gzip format).

This product includes pppd(includes radius) under BSD

License, RSA Data Security, Inc. License and Roaring

Penguin Software under GPL License

BSD

Copyright (c) [dates as appropriate to package]

source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the

following conditions are met:

Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions

and the following disclaimer.

Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of

conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided

with the distribution.

All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software must display the

following acknowledgement:

This product includes software developed by the Computer Systems Engineering Group at

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.

Neither the name of the University nor of the Laboratory may be used to endorse or promote

products

derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS''

AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED

TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A

PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS

OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,

SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT

LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF

USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED

AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT

LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN

ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE

POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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ZyXEL P-330W User’s Guide

Appendix H Open Saftware Announcements

130

RSA Data Security, Inc License

NOTE: Numerous changes have been made; the following notice is included to satisfy legal

requirements.

License to copy and use this software is granted provided that it is identified as the "RSA Data

Security, Inc. MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing this

software or this function. License is also granted to make and use derivative works provided

that such works are identified as "derived from the RSA Data Security, Inc. MD5 Message-

Digest Algorithm" in all material mentioning or referencing the derived work.

RSA Data Security, Inc. makes no representations concerning either the merchantability of

this software or the suitability of this software for any particular purpose. It is provided "as is"

without express or implied warranty of any kind.

These notices must be retained in any copies of any part of this documentation and/or

software.

This product include brctl, shell commands, hwclock, dnrd,

gmp, iptables, Awk, MTD, ntpclient, pppd , pptp, udhcpd/

udhcpc, updated, libupnp/pseudo ICS, iwpriv, gcc,

linux(kernal) and tiny under GPL License.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 2, June 1991

59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but

changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it.

By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share

and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General

Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other

program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is

covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your

programs, too.

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