Zyxel P-2602HW-D1A Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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P-2602H(W)(L)-DxA Series User’s Guide

Chapter 7 WAN Setup

7.2

Metric

The metric represents the "cost of transmission". A router determines the best route for

transmission by choosing a path with the lowest "cost". RIP routing uses hop count as the

measurement of cost, with a minimum of "1" for directly connected networks. The number

must be between "1" and "15"; a number greater than "15" means the link is down. The

smaller the number, the lower the "cost".

The metric sets the priority for the ZyXEL Device’s routes to the Internet. If any two of the

default routes have the same metric, the ZyXEL Device uses the following pre-defined

priorities:

•

Normal route: designated by the ISP (see

Section 7.5 on page 98

)

•

Traffic-redirect route (see

Section 7.7 on page 103

)

•

WAN-backup route, also called dial-backup (see

Section 7.8 on page 105

)

For example, if the normal route has a metric of "1" and the traffic-redirect route has a metric

of "2" and dial-backup route has a metric of "3", then the normal route acts as the primary

default route. If the normal route fails to connect to the Internet, the ZyXEL Device tries the

traffic-redirect route next. In the same manner, the ZyXEL Device uses the dial-backup route

if the traffic-redirect route also fails.

If you want the dial-backup route to take first priority over the traffic-redirect route or even the

normal route, all you need to do is set the dial-backup route’s metric to "1" and the others to

"2" (or greater).

IP Policy Routing overrides the default routing behavior and takes priority over all of the

routes mentioned above.

7.3

Traffic Shaping

Traffic Shaping is an agreement between the carrier and the subscriber to regulate the average

rate and fluctuations of data transmission over an ATM network. This agreement helps

eliminate congestion, which is important for transmission of real time data such as audio and

video connections.

Peak Cell Rate (PCR) is the maximum rate at which the sender can send cells. This parameter

may be lower (but not higher) than the maximum line speed. 1 ATM cell is 53 bytes (424 bits),

so a maximum speed of 832Kbps gives a maximum PCR of 1962 cells/sec. This rate is not

guaranteed because it is dependent on the line speed.

Sustained Cell Rate (SCR) is the mean cell rate of each bursty traffic source. It specifies the

maximum average rate at which cells can be sent over the virtual connection. SCR may not be

greater than the PCR.

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Chapter 7 WAN Setup

Maximum Burst Size (MBS) is the maximum number of cells that can be sent at the PCR.

After MBS is reached, cell rates fall below SCR until cell rate averages to the SCR again. At

this time, more cells (up to the MBS) can be sent at the PCR again.

If the PCR, SCR or MBS is set to the default of "0", the system will assign a maximum value

that correlates to your upstream line rate.

The following figure illustrates the relationship between PCR, SCR and MBS.

Figure 47

Example of Traffic Shaping

7.3.1

ATM Traffic Classes

These are the basic ATM traffic classes defined by the ATM Forum Traffic Management 4.0

Specification.

7.3.1.1

Constant Bit Rate (CBR)

Constant Bit Rate (CBR) provides fixed bandwidth that is always available even if no data is

being sent. CBR traffic is generally time-sensitive (doesn't tolerate delay). CBR is used for

connections that continuously require a specific amount of bandwidth. A PCR is specified and

if traffic exceeds this rate, cells may be dropped. Examples of connections that need CBR

would be high-resolution video and voice.

7.3.1.2

Variable Bit Rate (VBR)

The Variable Bit Rate (VBR) ATM traffic class is used with bursty connections. Connections

that use the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) traffic class can be grouped into real time (VBR-RT) or

non-real time (VBR-nRT) connections.

The VBR-RT (real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that require

closely controlled delay and delay variation. It also provides a fixed amount of bandwidth (a

PCR is specified) but is only available when data is being sent. An example of an VBR-RT

connection would be video conferencing. Video conferencing requires real-time data transfers

and the bandwidth requirement varies in proportion to the video image's changing dynamics.

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Chapter 7 WAN Setup

The VBR-nRT (non real-time Variable Bit Rate) type is used with bursty connections that do

not require closely controlled delay and delay variation. It is commonly used for "bursty"

traffic typical on LANs. PCR and MBS define the burst levels, SCR defines the minimum

level. An example of an VBR-nRT connection would be non-time sensitive data file transfers.

7.3.1.3

Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)

The Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) ATM traffic class is for bursty data transfers. However, UBR

doesn't guarantee any bandwidth and only delivers traffic when the network has spare

bandwidth. An example application is background file transfer.

7.4

Zero Configuration Internet Access

Once you turn on and connect the ZyXEL Device to a telephone jack, it automatically detects

the Internet connection settings (such as the VCI/VPI numbers and the encapsulation method)

from the ISP and makes the necessary configuration changes. In cases where additional

account information (such as an Internet account user name and password) is required or the

ZyXEL Device cannot connect to the ISP, you will be redirected to web screen(s) for

information input or troubleshooting.

Zero configuration for Internet access is disabled when

•

the ZyXEL Device is in bridge mode

•

you set the ZyXEL Device to use a static (fixed) WAN IP address.

7.5

Internet Access Setup

To change your ZyXEL Device’s WAN remote node settings, click

Network > WAN >

Internet Access Setup

. The screen differs by the encapsulation.

See

Section 7.1 on page 93

for more information.

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Chapter 7 WAN Setup

Figure 48

Internet Access Setup (PPPoE)

The following table describes the labels in this screen.

Table 26

Internet Access Setup

LABEL

DESCRIPTION

General

Mode

Select

Routing

(default) from the drop-down list box if your ISP allows multiple

computers to share an Internet account. Otherwise select

Bridge

Encapsulation

Select the method of encapsulation used by your ISP from the drop-down list

box. Choices vary depending on the mode you select in the

Mode

field.

If you select

Bridge

in the

Mode

field, select either

PPPoA

RFC 1483

If you select

Routing

in the

Mode

field, select

PPPoA

RFC 1483

ENET

ENCAP

PPPoE

User Name

(PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the user name exactly as your

ISP assigned. If assigned a name in the form user@domain

where domain

identifies a service name, then enter both components exactly as given.

Password

(PPPoA and PPPoE encapsulation only) Enter the password associated with the

user name above.

Service Name

(PPPoE only) Type the name of your PPPoE service here.

Multiplexing

Select the method of multiplexing used by your ISP from the drop-down list.

Choices are

LLC

Virtual Circuit ID

VPI (Virtual Path Identifier) and VCI (Virtual Channel Identifier) define a virtual

circuit. Refer to the appendix for more information.

VPI

The valid range for the VPI is 0 to 255. Enter the VPI assigned to you.

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100

Chapter 7 WAN Setup

VCI

The valid range for the VCI is 32 to 65535 (0 to 31 is reserved for local

management of ATM traffic). Enter the VCI assigned to you.

IP Address

This option is available if you select

Routing

in the

Mode

field.

A static IP address is a fixed IP that your ISP gives you. A dynamic IP address is

not fixed; the ISP assigns you a different one each time you connect to the

Internet.

Select

Obtain an IP Address Automatically

if you have a dynamic IP address;

otherwise select

Static IP Address

and type your ISP assigned IP address in

the

IP Address

field below.

Subnet Mask

(ENET ENCAP

encapsulation only)

Enter a subnet mask in dotted decimal notation.

Refer to the appendix

to calculate a subnet mask If you are implementing

subnetting.

Gateway IP address

(ENET ENCAP

encapsulation only)

You must specify a gateway IP address (supplied by your ISP) when you select

ENET ENCAP

in the

Encapsulation

field

DNS Server

First DNS Server

Second DNS Server

Third DNS Server

Select

Obtained

From ISP

if your ISP dynamically assigns DNS server

information (and the ZyXEL Device's WAN IP address).

Select

User-Defined

if you have the IP address of a DNS server. Enter the DNS

server's IP address in the field to the right. If you chose

User-Defined

, but leave

the IP address set to 0.0.0.0,

User-Defined

changes to

None

after you click

Apply

. If you set a second choice to

User-Defined

, and enter the same IP

address, the second

User-Defined

changes to

None

after you click

Apply

Select

DNS Relay

to have the ZyXEL Device act as a DNS proxy only when the

ISP uses IPCP DNS server extensions. The ZyXEL Device's LAN IP address

displays in the field to the right (read-only). The ZyXEL Device tells the DHCP

clients on the LAN that the ZyXEL Device itself is the DNS server. When a

computer on the LAN sends a DNS query to the ZyXEL Device, the ZyXEL

Device forwards the query to the real DNS server learned through IPCP and

relays the response back to the computer. You can only select

DNS Relay

for

one of the three servers; if you select

DNS Relay

for a second or third DNS

server, that choice changes to

None

after you click

Apply

Select

None

if you do not want to configure DNS servers. You must have

another DNS server on your LAN, or else the computers must have their DNS

server addresses manually configured. If you do not configure a DNS server, you

must know the IP address of a computer in order to access it.

Connection

(PPPoA and PPPoE

encapsulation only)

Nailed-Up

Connection

Select

Nailed-Up Connection

when you want your connection up all the time.

The ZyXEL Device will try to bring up the connection automatically if it is

disconnected.

Connect on Demand

Select

Connect on Demand

when you don't want the connection up all the time

and specify an idle time-out in the

Max Idle Timeout

field.

Max Idle Timeout

Specify an idle time-out in the

Max Idle Timeout

field when you select

Connect

on Demand

. The default setting is 0, which means the Internet session will not

timeout.

Apply

Click

Apply

to save the changes.

Table 26

Internet Access Setup (continued)

LABEL

DESCRIPTION

Rate

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