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Page 91 / 96 Scroll up to view Page 86 - 90
Ubee DDW3612 Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Subscriber User Guide
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July 2012
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10
Glossary
This chapter defines terms used in this guide and in the industry.
Broadcast
A packet sent to all devices on a network.
Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS)
Typically located in the cable company’s headend, the CMTS is equipment that provides
high-speed data services to subscribers, such as cable Internet and VoIP.
Channel Bonding
A computer networking configuration where two or more network interfaces are combined
on a host computer for redundancy or increased throughput. Data is transmitted over
these channels as if they are one channel.
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)
Equipment such as telephones, routers, and modems located at a subscribers location to
enable customers access to communication services.
Default Gateway
The routing device used to forward all traffic that is not addressed to a computer on the
local subnet.
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Allows one IP address (or computer) to be placed in between the firewall and the Internet
(usually for gaming and video conferencing). This allows risky, open access to the
Internet.
Domain
A subnetwork comprised of a group of clients and servers under the control of one
security database.
Domain Name
A descriptive name for an address or group of addresses on the Internet. Domain names
are in the form of a registered entity name plus one of a number of predefined top-level
suffixes, such as .com, .edu, .org.
Domain Name System (DNS)
An Internet service that locates and translates domain names into IP addresses. Because
domain names are alphabetic, they are easier to remember. However, the Internet is
based on IP addresses. Every time you use a domain name, a DNS service translates the
name into the corresponding IP address. The DNS system is actually its own network. If
one DNS server does not know how to translate a particular domain name, it asks another
one, and so on, until the correct IP address is returned.
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Downstream
A term to describe the direction of data from the network service provider to the customer.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
A protocol that centrally automates the assignment of IP addresses in a network. Using
the Internet’s set of protocols (TCP/IP), each machine that can connect to the Internet
needs a unique IP address. For example, when the service provider sets up computer
users with a connection to the Internet, an IP address is assigned to each machine.
DHCP lets the service provider distribute IP addresses and automatically sends a new IP
address when a computer is plugged in to the high-speed Internet network. DHCP uses
the concept of a “lease” or amount of time an IP address is valid for a computer. Lease
times can vary.
Ethernet
A standard network protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a
common transmission medium. It forms the underlying transport vehicle used by several
upper-level protocols, including TCP/IP and XNS.
Firewall
A highly effective method to block unsolicited traffic from outside the connected
computers in your gateway.
Gateway
A local device, usually a router, that connects hosts on a local network to other networks
– sometimes with different incompatible communication protocols.
Headend
A main facility to process and distribute Internet communication signals. Headend may
also refer to cable television signals and power line communication facilities.
Internet Protocol (IP)
The method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the
Internet. It is a standard set of rules, procedures, or conventions relating to the format and
timing of data transmission between two computers that they must accept and use to
understand each other. Used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) to
form TCP/IP.
IP Address
In the most widely installed level of the IP today, an IP address is a 32-bit binary digit
number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packet form
across the Internet. When you request a Web page or send an e-mail, the IP part of
TCP/IP includes your IP address. IP sends your IP address to the IP address obtained by
looking up the domain name in the URL you requested or in the e-mail address to which
you are sending a note. A dynamic IP address is an IP address that is automatically
assigned to a client station in a TCP/IP network, typically by a DHCP server.
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
A company that provides individuals and companies access to the Internet and other
related services.
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Interval Usage Code (IUC)
Interval usage codes define different profiles for upstream burst profiles to use for the
data. IUCs are sent to the cable modem from the CMTS to tell the device important
characteristics to use for the burst, such as modulation type, preamble length, and so on.
Local Area Network (LAN)
A group of computers and associated devices such as printers and servers that share a
common communication line and other resources within a small geographic area.
Media Access Control (MAC) Address
A unique number assigned by the manufacturer to any Ethernet networking device, such
as a network adapter, that allows the network to identify it at the hardware level. Usually
written in the form 01:23:45:67:89:ab.
Megabits per Second (Mbps)
A unit of measurement for data transmission that represents one million bits per second.
Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received.
Network Address Translation (NAT)
A technique by which several hosts or computers share a single IP address for access to
the Internet. NAT enables a LAN to use one set of IP addresses for internal traffic and a
second set of addresses for external traffic, and provides a type of firewall by hiding
internal IP addresses.
Network Basic Input Output System (NetBIOS)
An application programming interface (API) that augments the DOS BIOS by adding
special functions for LANs. Almost all Windows-based LANs for PCs are based on the
NetBIOS.
Network Operations Center (NOC)
A location that controls computer, television, or telecommunications networks. Large
organizations usually have more than one network operations center to manage multiple
networks.
Packet
A block of information sent over a network. A packet typically contains a source and
destination network address, some protocol and length information, a block of data, and a
checksum.
Ranging
A process in which a cable modem sends a range request at a power of 8 dBmV (very low
power). If it does not rec i eve a range response from the CMTS, the cable modem re-
transmits the range request at a 3 dB higher power level and continues the process until
a range response is received.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
A protocol in which routers periodically exchange information with one another to
determine minimum-distance paths between sources and destinations.
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Router
A device that forwards data between networks. An IP router forwards data based on IP
source and destination addresses.
Subnet
A portion of a network that shares a common address component. On TCP/IP networks,
subnets are defined as all devices whose IP addresses have the same prefix. For
example, all devices with IP addresses that start with 10.1.10 would be part of the same
subnet. IP networks are divided using a subnet mask.
Subnet Mask
Combined with the IP address, the IP subnet mask allows a device to know which other
addresses are local to it, and which must be reached through a gateway or router. A
number that explains which part of an IP address comprises the network address and
which part is the host address on that network.
Telnet
A network protocol used on the Internet or a local area network. Provides bi-directional
interactive text-oriented communications using a virtual terminal connection.
Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System (TACACS)
A remote authentication protocol used to communicate with an authentication server to
determine if the user is allowed to access the network.
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
A method in which cable modems must time-share the upstream channel because there
are many cable modems and only one upstream channel frequency.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
A method (protocol) used with the IP to send data in the form of message units
(datagrams) between network devices over a LAN or WAN. While IP handles the actual
delivery of the data (routing), TCP keeps track of the individual units of data (packets) that
a message is divided into for efficient delivery over the network. TCP requires the receiver
of a packet to return an acknowledgment of receipt to the sender of the packet.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
The basic communication language or set of protocols to communicate over a network
(developed specifically for the Internet). TCP/IP defines a suite or group of protocols.
Trivial File Transfer Protocol
A file transfer protocol used to transfer automatically configuration or boot files.
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
A string of characters used to identify a name or a resource on the Internet.
Upstream
A term to describe the direction of data from the customer to the network service provider.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
A URI that specifies where a known resource is available and how to retrieve it.
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July 2012
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Wide Area Network (WAN)
A long-distance link or computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area
that connects remotely located LANs. Typically, a WAN consists of two or more LANs.
The Internet is a large WAN.
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS)
A security protocol for wireless home networks. Created by the Wi-Fi Alliance, this
protocol allows home users to easily set up wireless security and add new devices without
needing to enter long passwords.
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
A method that links two or more devices to provide a connection through an access point
the wider Internet. Users can move within the local coverage area and stay connect to the
network.
Xerox Network Services (XNS)
A protocol suite developed by Xerox that provides general purpose network
communications, Internet routing, and packet delivery.

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