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HomeRF
An industry standard that combines 802.11b and portable phone standards for home networking. It uses frequency hopping (switching of
radio frequencies within a given bandwidth to reduce the risk of unauthorized signal interception). HomeRF offers data transmission speeds of
up to 1.6 Mbps at distances of up to 150 feet.
Host name
The DNS name of a device on a network, used to simplify the process of locating computers on a network.
Hub
A device that has multiple ports and that serves as a central connection point for communication lines from all devices on a network. When
data arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports.
IEEE
Acronym for ‘Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers’. A society of engineering and electronics professionals that develops standards
for the electrical, electronics, computer engineering, and science-related industries. The IEEE (Eye-triple-E) is a non-profit, technical
professional association of more than 377,000 individual members in 150 countries. The full name is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers, Inc., although the organization is most popularly known and referred to by the letters I-E-E-E.
Infrastructure network
A network configuration in which wireless devices connect to a wireless access point (such as GlobeSurfer
®
II) instead of connecting to each
other directly.
Internet domain
In a networked computer environment, a collection of computers that share a common domain database and security policy. A domain is
administered as a unit with common rules and procedures, and each domain has a unique name.
Intranet
A network within an organization that uses Internet technologies (such a Web browser for viewing information) and protocols (such as TCP/IP),
but is available only to certain people, such as employees of a company. Also called a private network. Some intranets offer access to the
Internet, but such connections are directed through a Firewall.
IP
Acronym for ‘Internet Protocol’. The protocol within TCP/IP that is used to send data between computers over the Internet. More specifically,
this protocol governs the routing of data messages, which are transmitted in smaller components called packets.
IP address
Acronym for ‘Internet Protocol’ address. IP is the protocol within TCP/IP that is used to send data between computers over the Internet. An
IP address is an assigned number used to identify a computer that is connected to a network through TCP/IP. An IP address consists of four
numbers (each of which can be no greater than 255) separated by periods, such as 192.168.1.1.
ISO/OSI
Reference model Abbreviation for International Organization for Standardization Open Systems Interconnection reference model. An
architecture that standardizes levels of service and types of interaction for computers that exchange information through a communications
network. The ISO/OSI reference model separates computer-to-computer communications into seven protocol layers, or levels; each builds on
and relies on the standards contained in the levels below it. The lowest of the seven layers deals solely with hardware links; the highest deals
with software interactions at the program level. It is a fundamental blueprint designed to help guide the creation of hardware and software for
networks.
ISP
Acronym for ‘Internet service provider’. A company that provides individuals or companies access to the Internet.
Kbps
Abbreviation of ‘kilobits per second’. Data transfer speed, as through a modem or on a network, measured in multiples of 1,000 bits per
second.
LAN
Acronym for ‘local area network’. A group of computers and other devices dispersed over a relatively limited area (for example, a building) and
connected by a communications link that enables any device to interact with any other on the network.
MAC address
Abbreviation for ‘media access control’ address. The address that is used for communication between network adapters on the same subnet.
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Each network adapter is manufactured with its own unique MAC address.
MAC layer
Abbreviation for ‘media access control’ layer. The lower of two sub layers that make up the data-link layer in the ISO/OSI reference model. The
MAC layer manages access to the physical network, so a protocol like Ethernet works at this layer.
Mapping
A process that allows one computer to communicate with a resource located on another computer on the network. For example, if you want to
access a folder that resides on another computer, you map to that folder, as long as the computer that holds the folder has been configured to
share it.
Mbps
Abbreviation of ‘megabits per second’. A unit of bandwidth measurement that defines the speed at which information can be transferred
through a network or Ethernet cable. One megabyte is roughly equivalent to eight megabits.
Modem
A device that transmits and receives information between computers.
MPPE
Microsoft Point to Point Encryption (MPPE) is a means of representing Point to Point Protocol (PPP) packets in an encrypted form.
Multicast
To transmit a single message to a select group of recipients. A simple example of multicasting is sending an e-mail message to a mailing list.
Teleconferencing and videoconferencing also use multicasting, but require more robust protocols and networks.
NAT
Acronym for ‘network address translation’. The process of converting between IP addresses used within a private network and Internet IP
addresses. NAT enables all of the computers on a network to share one IP address.
Network
A collection of two or more computers that are connected to each other through wired or wireless means. These computers can share access
to the Internet and the use of files, printers, and other equipment.
Network adapter
Also known as a ‘network interface card’ (NIC). An expansion card or other device used to provide network access to a computer, printer, or
other device.
Network name
The single name of a grouping of computers that are linked together to form a network.
Network printer
A printer that is not connected directly to a computer, but is instead connected directly to a network through a wired or wireless connection.
Packet
A unit of information transmitted as a whole from one device to another on a network.
PAP
Password Authentication Protocol, the most basic form of authentication, in which a user’s name and password are transmitted over a network
and compared to a table of name-password pairs. Typically, the passwords stored in the table are encrypted. The Basic Authentication feature
built into the HTTP protocol uses PAP.
PC Card
A peripheral device that adds memory, mass storage, modem capability, or other networking services to portable computers.
PCI
Acronym for ‘Peripheral Component Interconnect’. A specific bus type designed to be used with devices that have high bandwidth
requirements.
PCI card
A card designed to fit into a PCI expansion slot in a personal computer. PCI cards provide additional functionality; for example, two types of PCI
cards are video adapters and network interface cards. See PCI.
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PCI expansion slot
A connection socket designed to accommodate PCI cards.
PCMCIA
Acronym for ‘Personal Computer Memory Card International Association’. A nonprofit organization of manufacturers and vendors formed to
promote a common technical standard for PC Card-based peripherals and the slot designed to hold them, primarily on portable computers and
intelligent electronic devices.
Peer-to-peer network
A network of two or more computers that communicate without using a central server. This lack of reliance on a server differentiates a peer-
to-peer network from a client/server network.
PING
A protocol for testing whether a particular computer is connected to the Internet by sending a packet to the computer’s IP address and waiting
for a response.
Plug and Play
A set of specifications that allows a computer to automatically detect and configure various peripheral devices, such as monitors, modems,
and printers.
Port
A physical connection through which data is transferred between a computer and other devices (such as a monitor, modem, or printer), a
network, or another computer. Also, a software channel for network communications.
PPPoE
Acronym for ‘Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet’. A specification for connecting users on an Ethernet network to the Internet by using a
broadband connection (typically through a DSL modem).
PPTP IP Security
A set of protocols developed to support secure exchange of packets at the IP layer. IPsec has been deployed widely to implement Virtual
Private Networks (VPNs).
PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol, a technology for creating Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). Because the Internet is essentially an open
network, the Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is used to ensure that messages transmitted from one VPN node to another are secure.
With PPTP, users can dial in to their corporate network via the Internet.
Profile
A computer-based record that contains an individual network’s software settings and identification information.
Protocol
A set of rules that computers use to communicate with each other over a network.
Resource
Any type of hardware (such as a modem or printer) or software (such as an application, file, or game) that users can share on a network.
Restore factory defaults
The term used to describe the process of erasing your base station’s current settings to restore factory settings. You accomplish this by
pressing the Reset button and holding it for five or more seconds. Note that this is different from resetting the base station.
RJ-11 connector
An attachment used to join a telephone line to a device such as a modem or the external telephone lines.
RJ-45 connector
An attachment found on the ends of all Ethernet cables that connects Ethernet (wired) cables to other devices and computers
Server
A computer that provides shared resources, such as storage space or processing power, to network users.
Shared folder
A folder (on a computer) that has been made available for other people to use on a network.
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Shared printer
A printer (connected to a computer) that has been made available for other people to use on a network.
Sharing
To make the resources associated with one computer available to users of other computers on a network.
SNTP
Acronym for ‘Simple Network Time Protocol’. A protocol that enables client computers to synchronize their clocks with a time server over the
Internet.
SSID
Acronym for ‘Service Set Identifier’, also known as a wireless network name. An SSID value uniquely identifies your network and is case
sensitive.
Static IP address
A permanent Internet address of a computer (assigned by an ISP).
Straight-through cable
A type of cable that facilitates network communications. An Ethernet cable comes in a couple of flavors. There is twisted pair, and coax
Ethernet cables. Each of these allow data to travel at 10Mbit per second. Unlike the Crossover cable, straight-through cable has the same
order of pin contacts on each end-plug of the cable.
Subnet
A distinct network that forms part of a larger computer network. Subnets are connected through routers and can use a shared network
address to connect to the Internet.
Subnet mask
Typically, a subnet may represent all the machines at one geographic location, in one building, or on the same local area network (LAN).
Having an organization’s network divided into sub-nets allows it to be connected to the Internet with a single shared network address. Similar
in form to an IP address and typically provided by an ISP. An example of a subnet mask value is 255.255.0.0.
Switch
A central device that functions similarly to a hub, forwarding packets to specific ports rather than broadcasting every packet to every port. A
switch is more efficient when used on a high-volume network.
Switched network
A communications network that uses switching to establish a connection between parties.
Switching
A communications method that uses temporary rather than permanent connections to establish a link or to route information between two
parties. In computer networks, message switching and packet switching allow any two parties to exchange information. Messages are routed
(switched) through intermediary stations that together serve to connect the sender and the receiver.
TCP/IP
Acronym for ‘Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol’. A networking protocol that allows computers to communicate across
interconnected networks and the Internet. Every computer on the Internet communicates by using TCP/IP.
Throughput
The data transfer rate of a network, measured as the number of kilobytes per second transmitted.
USB
Acronym for ‘universal serial bus’. USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a plug-and-play interface between a computer and add-on devices (such
as audio players, joysticks, keyboards, telephones, scanners, and printers). With USB, a new device can be added to your computer without
having to add an adapter card or even having to turn the computer off.
USB adapter
A device that connects to a USB port.
USB connector
The plug end of the USB cable that is connected to a USB port. It is about half an inch wide, rectangular and somewhat flat.
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USB port
A rectangular slot in a computer into which a USB connector is inserted.
UTP
Acronym for ‘unshielded twisted pair’. A cable that contains one or more twisted pairs of wires without additional shielding. It’s more flexible
and takes less space than a shielded twisted pair (STP) cable, but has less bandwidth.
Virtual server
One of multiple Web sites running on the same server, each with a unique domain name and IP address.
VPN
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a private Network that makes use of the public telecommunication infrastructure, maintaining privacy
through the use of a tunneling Protocol and security procedures.
WAN
Acronym for ‘wide area network’. A geographically widespread network that might include many linked local area networks.
Wi-Fi
A term commonly used to mean the wireless 802.11b standard.
Wireless
Refers to technology that connects computers without the use of wires and cables. Wireless devices use radio transmission to connect
computers on a network to one another. Radio signals can be transmitted through walls, ceilings, and floors, so you can connect computers
that are in different rooms in the house without physically attaching them to one another.
Wireless access point
A device that exchanges data between wireless computers or between wireless computers and wired computers on a network.
Wireless network name
The single name of a grouping of computers that are linked together to form a network.
Wireless security
A wireless network encryption mechanism that helps to protect data transmitted over wireless networks.
WLAN
Acronym for wireless local area network. A network that exclusively relies on wireless technology for device connections.
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