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Page 81 / 115 Scroll up to view Page 76 - 80
Advanced Settings
81
N750 Wireless Dual Band Gigabit Router WNDR4300
Source address
. The IP address of www.example.com.
Source port number
. 80, which is the standard port number for a web server process.
Destination address
. Your computer’s IP address.
Destination port number
. 5678, which is the browser session that made the initial
request.
6.
When you finish your browser session, your router eventually detects a period of inactivity in
the communications. Your router then removes the session information from its session
table, and incoming traffic is no longer accepted on port number 33333.
Port Triggering to Open Incoming Ports
In the preceding example, requests are sent to a remote computer by your router from a
particular service port number. Replies from the remote computer to your router are directed
to that port number. If the remote server sends a reply to a different port number, your router
does not recognize it and discards it. However, some application servers (such as FTP and
IRC servers) send replies to multiple port numbers. Using the port triggering function of your
router, you can tell the router to open additional incoming ports when a particular outgoing
port originates a session.
An example is Internet Relay Chat (IRC). Your computer connects to an IRC server at
destination port 6667. The IRC server not only responds to your originating source port, but
also sends an “identify” message to your computer on port 113. Using port triggering, you can
tell the router, “When you initiate a session with destination port 6667, you have to also allow
incoming traffic on port 113 to reach the originating computer.” Using steps similar to the
preceding example, the following sequence shows the effects of the port triggering rule you
have defined:
1.
You open an IRC client program to start a chat session on your computer.
2.
Your IRC client composes a request message to an IRC server using a destination port
number of 6667, the standard port number for an IRC server process. Your computer
then sends this request message to your router.
3.
Your router creates an entry in its internal session table describing this communication
session between your computer and the IRC server. Your router stores the original
information, performs Network Address Translation (NAT) on the source address and
port, and sends this request message through the Internet to the IRC server.
4.
Noting your port triggering rule and having observed the destination port number of
6667, your router creates an additional session entry to send any incoming port 113
traffic to your computer.
5.
The IRC server sends a return message to your router using the NAT-assigned source
port (as in the previous example, say port 33333) as the destination port. The IRC
server also sends an “identify” message to your router with destination port 113.
6.
Upon receiving the incoming message to destination port 33333, your router checks its
session table to determine whether there is an active session for port number 33333.
Finding an active session, the router restores the original address information replaced
by NAT and sends this reply message to your computer.
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Advanced Settings
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N750 Wireless Dual Band Gigabit Router WNDR4300
7.
Upon receiving the incoming message to destination port 113, your router checks its
session table and learns that there is an active session for port 113, associated with
your computer. The router replaces the message’s destination IP address with your
computer’s IP address and forwards the message to your computer.
8.
When you finish your chat session, your router eventually senses a period of inactivity in
the communications. The router then removes the session information from its session
table, and incoming traffic is no longer accepted on port numbers 33333 or 113.
To configure port triggering, you need to know which inbound ports the application needs.
Also, you need to know the number of the outbound port that will trigger the opening of the
inbound ports. Usually, you can determine this information by contacting the publisher of the
application or the relevant user groups or news groups.
Note:
Only one computer at a time can use the triggered application.
Page 83 / 115
Advanced Settings
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N750 Wireless Dual Band Gigabit Router WNDR4300
Port Forwarding to Permit External Host Communications
In both of the preceding examples, your computer initiates an application session with a
server computer on the Internet. However, you might need to allow a client computer on the
Internet to initiate a connection to a server computer on your network. Normally, your router
ignores any inbound traffic that is not a response to your own outbound traffic. You can
configure exceptions to this default rule by using the port forwarding feature.
A typical application of port forwarding can be shown by reversing the client-server
relationship from the previous web server example. In this case, a remote computer’s
browser needs to access a web server running on a computer in your local network. Using
port forwarding, you can tell the router, “When you receive incoming traffic on port 80 (the
standard port number for a web server process), forward it to the local computer at
192.168.1.123.” The following sequence shows the effects of the port forwarding rule you
have defined:
1.
The user of a remote computer opens a browser and requests a web page from
www.example.com, which resolves to the public IP address of your router. The remote
computer composes a web page request message with the following destination
information:
Destination address
. The IP address of www.example.com, which is the address of your
router.
Destination port number
. 80, which is the standard port number for a web server
process.
The remote computer then sends this request message through the Internet to your
router.
2.
Your router receives the request message and looks in its rules table for any rules
covering the disposition of incoming port 80 traffic. Your port forwarding rule specifies
that incoming port 80 traffic should be forwarded to local IP address 192.168.1.123.
Therefore, your router modifies the destination information in the request message:
The destination address is replaced with 192.168.1.123.
Your router then sends this request message to your local network.
3.
Your web server at 192.168.1.123 receives the request and composes a return message
with the requested web page data. Your web server then sends this reply message to
your router.
4.
Your router performs NAT on the source IP address, and sends this request message
through the Internet to the remote computer, which displays the web page from
www.example.com.
To configure port forwarding, you need to know which inbound ports the application needs.
Usually, you can determine this information by contacting the publisher of the application or
the relevant user groups or news groups.
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Advanced Settings
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N750 Wireless Dual Band Gigabit Router WNDR4300
How Port Forwarding Differs from Port Triggering
The following points summarize the differences between port forwarding and port triggering:
•
Port triggering can be used by any computer on your network, although only one
computer can use it at a time.
•
Port forwarding is configured for a single computer on your network.
•
Port triggering does not require that you know the computer’s IP address in advance. The
IP address is captured automatically.
•
Port forwarding requires that you specify the computer’s IP address during configuration,
and the IP address can never change.
•
Port triggering requires specific outbound traffic to open the inbound ports, and the
triggered ports are closed after a period of no activity.
•
Port forwarding is always active and does not need to be triggered.
Set Up Port Forwarding to Local Servers
Using the port forwarding feature, you can allow certain types of incoming traffic to reach
servers on your local network. For example, you might want to make a local web server, FTP
server, or game server visible and available to the Internet.
Use the Port Forwarding screen to configure the router to forward specific incoming protocols
to computers on your local network. In addition to servers for specific applications, you can
also specify a default DMZ server to which all other incoming protocols are forwarded.
Before starting, determine which type of service, application, or game you want to provide.
Find out the local IP address of the computer that will provide the service. The server
computer has to always have the same IP address.
To set up port forwarding:
Tip:
To ensure that your server computer always has the same IP address,
use the reserved IP address feature of your WNDR4300 router.
1.
Select
Advanced Setup > Port Forwarding/Port Triggering
to display the following
screen:
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Advanced Settings
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N750 Wireless Dual Band Gigabit Router WNDR4300
Port Forwarding is selected as the service type.
2.
From the Service Name list, select the service or game that you will host on your network. If
the service does not appear in the list, see
Add a Custom Service
on page
85.
3.
In the corresponding Server IP Address field, enter the last digit of the IP address of your
local computer that will provide this service.
4.
Click
Add
. The service appears in the list in the screen.
Add a Custom Service
To define a service, game, or application that does not appear in the Service Name list, first
determine which port number or range of numbers the application uses. Usually, you can
determine this information by contacting the publisher of the application or the relevant user
groups or news groups.
To add a custom service:
1.
Select
Advanced > Advanced Setup > Port Forwarding/Port Triggering
.
2.
Select
Port Forwarding
as the service type.
3.
Click the
Add Custom Service
button to display the following screen:
4.
In the Service Name field, enter a descriptive name.
5.
In the Protocol list, select the protocol. If you are unsure, select
TCP/UDP
.
6.
Specify the port settings:
•
External Starting Port
and
External Ending Port
. These are the starting number
and ending number for the public ports at the Internet interface. For single port
forwarding, number in the External Starting Port and External Ending Port fields can
be the same. The range is from 1 to 65534.
•
Use the same port range for Internal port
. This check box is selected by default. If
you want to use different ports, clear this check box and specify the internal ports.
•
Internal Starting Port
and
Internal Ending Port
. These are the starting number and
ending number for the ports of a computer on the router’s local area network (LAN).
These are private ports. The router calculates the internal ending port.

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