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Page 81 / 96 Scroll up to view Page 76 - 80
Broadband Router with 2 Phone Ports
73
Appendix D: Glossary
Appendix D: Glossary
Adapter
- A device that adds network functionality to your PC.
Backbone
- The part of a network that connects most of the systems and networks together, and handles the most data.
Bandwidth
- The transmission capacity of a given device or network.
Bit
- A binary digit.
Boot
- To start a device and cause it to start executing instructions.
Bridge
- A device that connects different networks.
Broadband
- An always-on, fast Internet connection.
Browser
- An application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web.
Buffer
- A shared or assigned memory area that is used to support and coordinate different computing and networking
activities so one isn't held up by the other.
Byte
- A unit of data that is usually eight bits long
Cable Modem
- A device that connects a computer to the cable television network, which in turn connects to the Internet.
CSMA/CA
(
C
arrier
S
ense
M
ultiple
A
ccess/
C
ollision
A
voidance) - A method of data transfer that is used to prevent data
collisions.
Daisy Chain
- A method used to connect devices in a series, one after the other.
Database
- A collection of data that is organized so that its contents can easily be accessed, managed, and updated.
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Appendix D: Glossary
DDNS
(
D
ynamic
D
omain
N
ame
S
ystem) - Allows the hosting of a website, FTP server, or e-mail server with a fixed domain
name (e.g., www.xyz.com) and a dynamic IP address.
Default Gateway
- A device that forwards Internet traffic from your local area network.
DHCP
(
D
ynamic
H
ost
C
onfiguration
P
rotocol) - A networking protocol that allows administrators to assign temporary IP
addresses to network computers by “leasing” an IP address to a user for a limited amount of time, instead of assigning
permanent IP addresses.
DMZ
(
D
e
m
ilitarized
Z
one) - Removes the Router's firewall protection from one PC, allowing it to be “seen” from the Internet.
DNS
(
D
omain
N
ame
S
erver) - The IP address of your ISP's server, which translates the names of websites into IP addresses.
Domain
- A specific name for a network of computers.
Download
- To receive a file transmitted over a network.
DSL
(
D
igital
S
ubscriber
L
ine) - An always-on broadband connection over traditional phone lines.
Dynamic IP Address
- A temporary IP address assigned by a DHCP server.
Encryption
- Encoding data transmitted in a network.
Ethernet
- A networking protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a common transmission medium.
Finger
- A program that tells you the name associated with an e-mail address.
Firewall
- A set of related programs located at a network gateway server that protects the resources of a network from users
from other networks.
Firmware
- The programming code that runs a networking device.
Fragmentation
-Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that cannot support the
original size of the packet.
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Appendix D: Glossary
FTP
(
F
ile
T
ransfer
P
rotocol) - A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network.
Full Duplex
- The ability of a networking device to receive and transmit data simultaneously.
Gateway
- A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatible communications protocols.
Half Duplex
- Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a single line, but only one direction at a time.
Hardware
- The physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other information technology devices.
HTTP
(
H
yper
T
ext
T
ransport
P
rotocol) - The communications protocol used to connect to servers on the World Wide Web.
IP
(
I
nternet
P
rotocol) - A protocol used to send data over a network.
IP Address
- The address used to identify a computer or device on a network.
IPCONFIG
- A Windows 2000 and XP utility that displays the IP address for a particular networking device.
IPSec
(
I
nternet
P
rotocol
Sec
urity) - A VPN protocol used to implement secure exchange of packets at the IP layer.
ISM band
- Radio bandwidth utilized in wireless transmissions.
ISP
(
I
nternet
S
ervice
P
rovider) - A company that provides access to the Internet.
LAN
- The computers and networking products that make up your local network.
MAC
(
M
edia
A
ccess
C
ontrol)
Address
- The unique address that a manufacturer assigns to each networking device.
Mbps
(
M
ega
B
its
P
er
S
econd) - One million bits per second; a unit of measurement for data transmission.
mIRC
- An Internet Relay Chat program that runs under Windows.
Multicasting
- Sending data to a group of destinations at once.
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Appendix D: Glossary
NAT
(
N
etwork
A
ddress
T
ranslation) - NAT technology translates IP addresses of a local area network to a different IP address
for the Internet.
Network
- A series of computers or devices connected for the purpose of data sharing, storage, and/or transmission between
users.
NNTP
(
N
etwork
N
ews
T
ransfer
P
rotocol)
- The protocol used to connect to Usenet groups on the Internet.
Node
- A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or work station.
Packet
- A unit of data sent over a network.
Ping
(
P
acket
IN
ternet
G
roper) - An Internet utility used to determine whether a particular IP address is online.
POP3
(
P
ost
O
ffice
P
rotocol
3
) - A standard mail server commonly used on the Internet.
Port
- The connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in cables or adapters.
P
ower
o
ver
E
thernet (
PoE
) - A technology enabling an Ethernet network cable to deliver both data and power.
PPPoE
(
P
oint to
P
oint
P
rotocol
o
ver
E
thernet) - A type of broadband connection that provides authentication (username and
password) in addition to data transport.
PPTP
(
P
oint-to-
P
oint
T
unneling
P
rotocol) - A VPN protocol that allows the Point to Point Protocol (PPP) to be tunneled through
an IP network. This protocol is also used as a type of broadband connection in Europe.
RJ-45
(
R
egistered
J
ack
-45
) - An Ethernet connector that holds up to eight wires.
Router
- A networking device that connects multiple networks together.
RTS
(
R
equest
T
o
S
end) - A networking method of coordinating large packets through the RTS Threshold setting.
Server
- Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing, communications, and other
services.
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Appendix D: Glossary
SMTP
(
S
imple
M
ail
T
ransfer
P
rotocol)
- The standard e-mail protocol on the Internet.
SNMP
(
S
imple
N
etwork
M
anagement
P
rotocol)
- A widely used network monitoring and control protocol.
Software
- Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs a particular task is called a “program”.
SOHO
(
S
mall
O
ffice/
H
ome
O
ffice) - Market segment of professionals who work at home or in small offices.
SPI
(
S
tateful
P
acket
I
nspection)
Firewall
- A technology that inspects incoming packets of information before allowing them
to enter the network.
Static IP Address
- A fixed address assigned to a computer or device that is connected to a network.
Static Routing
- Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path.
Subnet Mask
- An address code that determines the size of the network.
Switch
- 1. A data switch that connects computing devices to host computers, allowing a large number of devices to share a
limited number of ports. 2. A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical circuit.
TCP
(
T
ransmission
C
ontrol
P
rotocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that requires acknowledgement from the
recipient of data sent.
TCP/IP
(
T
ransmission
C
ontrol
P
rotocol/
I
nternet
P
rotocol) - A set of instructions PCs use to communicate over a network.
Telnet
- A user command and TCP/IP protocol used for accessing remote PCs.
TFTP
(
T
rivial
F
ile
T
ransfer
P
rotocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocol that has no directory or password capability.
Throughput
- The amount of data moved successfully from one node to another in a given time period.
Topology
- The physical layout of a network.
TX Rate
- Transmission Rate.
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