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Appendix D: Glossary

Appendix D: Glossary

Adapter

- A device that adds network functionality to your PC.

Backbone

- The part of a network that connects most of the systems and networks together, and handles the most data.

Bandwidth

- The transmission capacity of a given device or network.

Bit

- A binary digit.

Boot

- To start a device and cause it to start executing instructions.

Bridge

- A device that connects different networks.

Broadband

- An always-on, fast Internet connection.

Browser

- An application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web.

Buffer

- A shared or assigned memory area that is used to support and coordinate different computing and networking

activities so one isn't held up by the other.

Byte

- A unit of data that is usually eight bits long

Cable Modem

- A device that connects a computer to the cable television network, which in turn connects to the Internet.

CSMA/CA

(

C

arrier

S

ense

M

ultiple

A

ccess/

C

ollision

A

voidance) - A method of data transfer that is used to prevent data

collisions.

Daisy Chain

- A method used to connect devices in a series, one after the other.

Database

- A collection of data that is organized so that its contents can easily be accessed, managed, and updated.

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Appendix D: Glossary

DDNS

(

D

ynamic

D

omain

N

ame

S

ystem) - Allows the hosting of a website, FTP server, or e-mail server with a fixed domain

name (e.g., www.xyz.com) and a dynamic IP address.

Default Gateway

- A device that forwards Internet traffic from your local area network.

DHCP

(

D

ynamic

H

ost

C

onfiguration

P

rotocol) - A networking protocol that allows administrators to assign temporary IP

addresses to network computers by “leasing” an IP address to a user for a limited amount of time, instead of assigning

permanent IP addresses.

DMZ

(

D

e

m

ilitarized

Z

one) - Removes the Router's firewall protection from one PC, allowing it to be “seen” from the Internet.

DNS

(

D

omain

N

ame

S

erver) - The IP address of your ISP's server, which translates the names of websites into IP addresses.

Domain

- A specific name for a network of computers.

Download

- To receive a file transmitted over a network.

DSL

(

D

igital

S

ubscriber

L

ine) - An always-on broadband connection over traditional phone lines.

Dynamic IP Address

- A temporary IP address assigned by a DHCP server.

Encryption

- Encoding data transmitted in a network.

Ethernet

- A networking protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a common transmission medium.

Finger

- A program that tells you the name associated with an e-mail address.

Firewall

- A set of related programs located at a network gateway server that protects the resources of a network from users

from other networks.

Firmware

- The programming code that runs a networking device.

Fragmentation

-Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that cannot support the

original size of the packet.

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Appendix D: Glossary

FTP

(

F

ile

T

ransfer

P

rotocol) - A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network.

Full Duplex

- The ability of a networking device to receive and transmit data simultaneously.

Gateway

- A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatible communications protocols.

Half Duplex

- Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a single line, but only one direction at a time.

Hardware

- The physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other information technology devices.

HTTP

(

H

yper

T

ext

T

ransport

P

rotocol) - The communications protocol used to connect to servers on the World Wide Web.

IP

(

I

nternet

P

rotocol) - A protocol used to send data over a network.

IP Address

- The address used to identify a computer or device on a network.

IPCONFIG

- A Windows 2000 and XP utility that displays the IP address for a particular networking device.

IPSec

(

I

nternet

P

rotocol

Sec

urity) - A VPN protocol used to implement secure exchange of packets at the IP layer.

ISM band

- Radio bandwidth utilized in wireless transmissions.

ISP

(

I

nternet

S

ervice

P

rovider) - A company that provides access to the Internet.

LAN

- The computers and networking products that make up your local network.

MAC

(

M

edia

A

ccess

C

ontrol)

Address

- The unique address that a manufacturer assigns to each networking device.

Mbps

(

M

ega

B

its

P

er

S

econd) - One million bits per second; a unit of measurement for data transmission.

mIRC

- An Internet Relay Chat program that runs under Windows.

Multicasting

- Sending data to a group of destinations at once.

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Appendix D: Glossary

NAT

(

N

etwork

A

ddress

T

ranslation) - NAT technology translates IP addresses of a local area network to a different IP address

for the Internet.

Network

- A series of computers or devices connected for the purpose of data sharing, storage, and/or transmission between

users.

NNTP

(

N

etwork

N

ews

T

ransfer

P

rotocol)

- The protocol used to connect to Usenet groups on the Internet.

Node

- A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or work station.

Packet

- A unit of data sent over a network.

Ping

(

P

acket

IN

ternet

G

roper) - An Internet utility used to determine whether a particular IP address is online.

POP3

(

P

ost

O

ffice

P

rotocol

3

) - A standard mail server commonly used on the Internet.

Port

- The connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in cables or adapters.

P

ower

o

ver

E

thernet (

PoE

) - A technology enabling an Ethernet network cable to deliver both data and power.

PPPoE

(

P

oint to

P

oint

P

rotocol

o

ver

E

thernet) - A type of broadband connection that provides authentication (username and

password) in addition to data transport.

PPTP

(

P

oint-to-

P

oint

T

unneling

P

rotocol) - A VPN protocol that allows the Point to Point Protocol (PPP) to be tunneled through

an IP network. This protocol is also used as a type of broadband connection in Europe.

RJ-45

(

R

egistered

J

ack

-45

) - An Ethernet connector that holds up to eight wires.

Router

- A networking device that connects multiple networks together.

RTS

(

R

equest

T

o

S

end) - A networking method of coordinating large packets through the RTS Threshold setting.

Server

- Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing, communications, and other

services.

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Appendix D: Glossary

SMTP

(

S

imple

M

ail

T

ransfer

P

rotocol)

- The standard e-mail protocol on the Internet.

SNMP

(

S

imple

N

etwork

M

anagement

P

rotocol)

- A widely used network monitoring and control protocol.

Software

- Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs a particular task is called a “program”.

SOHO

(

S

mall

O

ffice/

H

ome

O

ffice) - Market segment of professionals who work at home or in small offices.

SPI

(

S

tateful

P

acket

I

nspection)

Firewall

- A technology that inspects incoming packets of information before allowing them

to enter the network.

Static IP Address

- A fixed address assigned to a computer or device that is connected to a network.

Static Routing

- Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path.

Subnet Mask

- An address code that determines the size of the network.

Switch

- 1. A data switch that connects computing devices to host computers, allowing a large number of devices to share a

limited number of ports. 2. A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical circuit.

TCP

(

T

ransmission

C

ontrol

P

rotocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that requires acknowledgement from the

recipient of data sent.

TCP/IP

(

T

ransmission

C

ontrol

P

rotocol/

I

nternet

P

rotocol) - A set of instructions PCs use to communicate over a network.

Telnet

- A user command and TCP/IP protocol used for accessing remote PCs.

TFTP

(

T

rivial

F

ile

T

ransfer

P

rotocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocol that has no directory or password capability.

Throughput

- The amount of data moved successfully from one node to another in a given time period.

Topology

- The physical layout of a network.

TX Rate

- Transmission Rate.

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