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Glossary
3G
- Third Generation network
3G refers to the third generation of mobile telephony technology. The evolution of 3G
technology is as follows:
802.11 (b, g, n)
A set of WLAN communication standards in the 2.4, 3.6 and 5 GHz frequency bands
Access Point
A device that allows wireless communication devices to connect to a wireless Network using
a standard such as Wi-Fi
APN
Access Point Name. The APN is an alphanumeric string that identifies the particular network
service that is being accessed. These are used by GPRS and UMTS networks.
ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
ARP
is a TCP/IP protocol for mapping an IP address to a physical machine address that is
recognized in the local network, such as an Ethernet address.
A host wishing to obtain a physical address broadcasts an ARP request onto the TCP/IP
network. The host on the network that has the IP address in the request then replies with
its physical hardware address.
Inverse ARP (In-ARP), on the other hand, is used by a host to discover its IP address. In
this case, the host broadcasts its physical address and a RARP server replies with the host's
IP address.
BPS - Bits Per Second
The rate of data flow.
Broadband
High-capacity high-speed, transmission channel with a wider bandwidth than conventional
modem lines. Broadband channels can carry video, voice, and data simultaneously.
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
It is the underlying channel access method used by some mobile phone standards.
CDMA technologies
1xRTT offered speeds up to 144 Kbps (2002)
EV-DO increased downlink speeds up to 2.4 Mbps (2004)
EV-DO Rev A boosted downlink speeds to 3.1 Mbps (2006)
EV-DO Rev B can use 2 to 15 channels with each downlink peaking at 4.9 Mbps.
Ultra Mobile Broadband was slated to reach 288 Mbps but operators may switch to
LTE instead.
CDMA EV-DO
A is a leading-edge wireless technology with higher data rates and higher system capacity.
It is a fully backward compatible standard and remains interoperable with deployed EV-DO
networks and devices around the world. The increased data rates on Rev. A’s physical
layer
enable richer applications and services.
For more information, visit www.cdg.org.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
When operates as a DHCP server, the Router assign IP addresses to the client PCs on the
LAN
. The client PCs “leases” these Private IP addresses for a user
-defined amount of time.
After the lease time expires, the private IP address is made available for assigning to other
network devices.
The DHCP IP address can be a single, fixed public IP address, an ISP assigned public IP
address, or a private IP address.
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If you enable DHCP server on a private IP address, a public IP address will have to be
assigned to the NAT IP address, and NAT has to be enabled so that the DHCP IP address can
be translated into a public IP address. By this, the client PCs are able to access the Internet.
DHCP Server
A server or service with a server that assigns IP addresses.
DNS - Domain Name System
A system for converting host names and domain names into
IP addresses on the Internet or on local networks that use the TCP/IP protocol.
EDGE - Enhanced Data for GSM Environment
or Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution
A faster version of GSM wireless service, it allows data to be delivered at rates of 384 Kbps
and enable the deliver of multimedia and other broadband applications. EDGE became
available in 2001.
ESN - Electronic Serial Number
A unique 32-bit number embedded in the microchip of a wireless device that identifies the
device.
Firewall
A hardware or software boundary that protects a network or single computer from
unwanted outside traffic.
Firmware
A computer program embedded in an electronic device Firmware usually contains
operating code for the device.
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
A network protocol for exchanging files over a TCP network. Gateway
—
A network point
that acts as an entrance to another network that uses a different protocol.
GPRS - General Packet Radio Services
A system used by GSM mobile phones for transmitting IP packets. It also provides support
for WCDMA based 3G networks.
GSM - Global System for Mobile communication
A digital mobile telephony system widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM
was first launched in 1991 and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless
telephony technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM uses a variation of TDMA.
GSM technologies
GPRS offered speeds up to 114 Kbps (began in 2000).
EDGE reached up to 384 Kbps (2003).
WCDMA offered downlink speeds up to 1.02 Mbps.
HSDPA boosted downlink to 14 Mbps (in 75 countries 2007)
LTE Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access is aiming for 100 Mbps (specifications
completed 2008).
Host Name
The unique name by which a network-attached device is known on a network.
Hotspot
A Wi-Fi (802.11) access point or the area covered by an access point.
Hot-Swappable
The ability to remove and replace the MicroSD Card from a device while it
is still connected to the computer and online without damaging the device.
HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSDPA is an enhanced version of WCDMA that supports broadband connections with
download speeds up to 7.2 Mbps. This enhanced 3G technology enables the download of
high-bandwidth multimedia files, high resolution graphics, and other complex files, and
viewing email attachments at broadband-like speeds.
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HSPA - High Speed Packet Access
A family of 3G services that is available to GSM carriers. It is a major enhancement from
WCDMA.
HSUPA - High Speed Uplink Packet Access
A 3G mobile telephony protocol with up-link speeds up to 5.76 Mbps.
HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
An application-level protocol for accessing the World Wide Web over the Internet.
IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol
An Internet standard protocol for email retrieval.
IMSI - International Mobile Subscriber Identity
Used in GSM networks to identify the subscriber Usually embedded in the SIM.
IP - Internet Protocol
The mechanism by which packets are routed between computers on a network.
IP Type
The type of service provided over a network.
IP address - Internet Protocol address
The address of a device attached to an IP network (TCP/IP network)
ISP - Internet Service Provider
Also referred to as the service carrier, an ISP provides Internet connection service.
Kbps - Kilobits per second
The rate of data flow.
LAN - Local Area Network & WAN - Wide Area Network
A LAN is a computer network limited to the immediate area, usually the same building or
floor of a building. A WAN, on the other hand, is an outside connection to another network
or the Internet.
The Ethernet side of a Router is called the LAN port. It is a twisted-pair Ethernet 10Base-T
interface. A hub can be connected to the LAN port. More than one computer, such as server
or printer, can be connected through this hub to the Router and composes a LAN.
LTE - Long Term Evolution
A set of enhancements to UMTS (moving toward 4G) that will provide high throughput, low
latency, plug and play and seamless connection to existing networks such as GSM,
cdmaOne, etc.
MAC Address - Media Access Control
A number that uniquely identifies each network hardware device. MAC addresses are 12-
digit hexadecimal numbers.
MEID - Mobile Equipment Identifier
A globally unique number for a physical piece of mobile station equipment.
Mbps - Megabits per second
The rate of data flow.
MicroSD / MicroSDHC
A small, removable flash memory card available in various storage sizes.Some products
have a slot that allows them to utilize this external memory.
MSID - Mobile Station Identifier
A number for a mobile phone that identifies that phone to the network. These numbers are
carrier specific.
MSL - Master Subsidy Lock
A numeric code for accessing certain phone settings.
NAI - Network Access Identifier
A standard way of identifying users who request access to a network.
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NAT - Network Address Translation - IP Address
NAT is an Internet standard that translates a private IP within one network to a public IP
address, either a static or dynamic one. NAT provides a type of firewall by hiding internal IP
addresses. It also enables a company to use more internal IP addresses.
If the IP addresses given by your ISP are not enough for each PC on the LAN and the
Router, you need to use NAT. With NAT, you make up a private IP network for the LAN and
assign an IP address from that network to each PC. One of some public addresses is
configured and mapped to a private workstation address when accesses are made through
the gateway to a public network.
For example, the Router is assigned with the public IP address of 168.111.2.1. With NAT
enabled, it creates a Virtual LAN. Each PC on the Virtual LAN is assigned with a private IP
address with default value of 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.2.254. These PCs are not accessible
by the outside world but they can communicate with the outside world through the public IP
168.111.2.1.
Network Mask
A number that allows IP networks to be subdivided for security and performance.
Network Provider
The vendor who provides your access to the Internet. Known by different names in different
regions, some examples are: wireless provider, network operator, and service provider.
Network Technology
T
he technology on which a particular network provider’s system is built; such as,
xDSL,
PON, GPON, GSM, HSPA, CDMA, EDGE, and EVDO.
NNTP - Network News Transfer Protocol
An Internet application protocol for reading and posting Usenet (newsgroup) articles.
PDA - Personal Digital Assistant
A handheld device used for organization, notes, address books, etc.
POP - Post Office Protocol
An Internet protocol for retrieving email from a remote server over a TCP/IP connection.
Port.
A virtual data connection used by programs to exchange data. It is the endpoint in a
logical connection. The port is specified by the port number.
Port Forwarding
A process that allows remote devices to connect to a specific computer within a private LAN.
Port Number
A 16-bit number used by the TCP and UDP protocols to direct traffic on a
TCP/IP host. Certain port numbers are standard for common applications.
Private IP Address
Private IP addresses are also LAN IP addresses, but are
considered “illegal” IP addresses to
the Internet. They are private to an enterprise while still permitting full network layer
connectivity between all hosts inside an enterprise as well as all public hosts of different
enterprises.
The Router uses private IP addresses by assigning them to the LAN that cannot be directly
accessed by the Internet or remote server. To access the Internet, private network should
have an agent to translate the private IP address to public IP address.
Protocol
A standard that enables connection, communication, and data transfer between computing
endpoints.
PPP - Point to Point Protocol
A method of connecting a computer to the Internet.
PPTP - Point-to-point Tunnelling Protocol
A method for implementing virtual private networks that does not provide confidentiality or
encryption but relies on the tunnelling process for security.
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PRL - Preferred Roaming List
A list that your wireless phone or device uses to determine which networks to connect with
when you are roaming. (Network operator specific)
Protocol
A standard that enables connection, communication, and data transfer between computing
endpoints.
Proxy
A firewall mechanism that replaces the IP address of a host on the internal
(protected) network with its own IP address for all traffic passing through it.
Public IP Address
Public IP addresses are LAN IP addresses that can be considered “legal” for the Internet,
because they can be recognized and accessed by any device on the other side of the DSL
connection. In most cases they are allocated by your ISP.
If you are given a range of fixed IP addresses, then one can be assigned to the router and
the others to network devices on the LAN, such as computer workstations, ftp servers, and
web servers.
PVC - Permanent Virtual Circuit
A PVC is a logical point-to-point circuit between customer sites. PVC
’
s are low-delay circuits
because routing decisions do not need to be made along the way. Permanent means that
the circuit is pre-programmed by the carrier as a path through the network. It does not
need to be set up or turned down for each session.
RIP - Routing Information Protocol
RIP is a routing protocol that uses the distance-vector routing algorithms to calculate least-
hops routes to a destination. It is used on the Internet and is common in the NetWare
environment. It exchanges routing information with other routers. It includes V1, V2 and
V1&V2, which controls the sending and receiving of RIP packets over Ethernet.
RFB - Remote Frame Buffer
A protocol for remote access to graphical user interfaces.
Router
A device that directs traffic from one network to another.
RTP - Real-time Transport Protocol
A packet format for streaming multimedia over the Internet.
SIM - Subscriber Identification Module
Found in GSM network technology, the SIM is a card containing identification information for
the subscriber and their account. The SIM card can be moved to different devices.
SMS -Short Message Service
A service for sending short messages of up to 160 (224 in 5-bit mode) characters to mobile
devices. SMS is also known as text messaging.
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
An Internet standard for email transmission across IP networks.
SSID - Service Set Identifier
The name assigned to a Wi-Fi network.
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
A core protocol for transmitting and receiving information over the Internet.
TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
A communications protocol developed under contract from the U.S. Department of Defence
to internetwork dissimilar systems.
Telnet - Telecommunication Network
A network protocol used on the Internet or on local area networks.
TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol
A file transfer protocol with a subset of FTP functionality.

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