Hitron Technologies CVE-30360 Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

Home

Manuals

Hitron Technologies

CVE-30360

Page 26 / 98 Scroll up to view Page 21 - 25

HITRON CVE-30360 USER’S GUIDE

CABLE



Your Internet Service Provider



You (or your network devices)

IANA is responsible for IP address allocation on a global scale, and your ISP assigns

IP addresses to its customers. You should never attempt to define your own IP

addresses on a public network, but you are free to do so on a private network.

In the case of the CVE-30360:



The public network (Wide Area Network or WAN) is the link between the cable

(CATV) connector and your Internet Service Provider. Your CVE-30360’s IP

address on this network is assigned by your service provider.



The private network (in routing mode - see

Routing Mode

on page

) is your

Local Area Network (LAN) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), if

enabled. You are free to assign IP addresses to computers on the LAN and

WLAN manually, or to allow the CVE-30360 to assign them automatically via

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). IANA has reserved the following

blocks of IP addresses to be used for private networks only:

If you assign addresses manually, they must be within the CVE-30360’s LAN

subnet.

2.1.2.3

SUBNETS

A subnet (short for sub-network) is, as the name suggests, a separate section of a

network, distinct from the main network of which it is a part. A subnet may contain all

of the computers at one corporate local office, for example, while the main network

includes several offices.

In order to define the extent of a subnet, and to differentiate it from the main network,

a subnet mask is used. This “masks” the part of the IP address that refers to the main

network, leaving the part of the IP address that refers to the sub-network.

Each subnet mask has 32 bits (binary digits), as does each IP address:



A binary value of

in the subnet mask indicates that the corresponding bit in the

IP address is part of the main network.



A binary value of

in the subnet mask indicates that the corresponding bit in the

IP address is part of the sub-network.

TABLE 4:

Private IP Address Ranges

FROM...

...TO

10.0.0.0

10.255.255.255

172.16.0.0

172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0

192.168.255.255

Page 27 / 98

HITRON CVE-30360 USER’S GUIDE

CABLE

For example, the following table shows the IP address of a computer (

192.168.1.1

)

expressed in decimal and binary (each cell in the table indicates one octet):

The following table shows a subnet mask that “masks” the first twenty-four bits of the

IP address, in both its decimal and binary notation.

This shows that in this subnet, the first three octets (

192.168.1

, in the example IP

address) define the main network, and the final octet (

, in the example IP address)

defines the computer’s address on the subnet.

The decimal and binary notations give us the two common ways to write a subnet

mask:



Decimal: the subnet mask is written in the same fashion as the IP address:

255.255.255.0

, for example.



Binary: the subnet mask is indicated after the IP address (preceded by a forward

slash), specifying the number of binary digits that it masks. The subnet mask

255.255.255.0

masks the first twenty-four bits of the IP address, so it would be

written as follows: 192.168.1.1

/24

2.1.3

DHCP

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, or DHCP, defines the process by which IP

addresses can be assigned to computers and other networking devices

automatically, from another device on the network. This device is known as a DHCP

server, and provides addresses to all the DHCP client devices.

In order to receive an IP address via DHCP, a computer must first request one from

the DHCP server (this is a broadcast request, meaning that it is sent out to the whole

network, rather than just one IP address). The DHCP server hears the requests, and

responds by assigning an IP address to the computer that requested it.

If a computer is not configured to request an IP address via DHCP, you must

configure an IP address manually if you want to access other computers and devices

on the network. See

IP Address Setup

on page

for more information.

By default, the CVE-30360 is a DHCP client on the WAN (the CATV connection). It

broadcasts an IP address over the cable network, and receives one from the service

provider. By default, the CVE-30360 is a DHCP server on the LAN; it provides IP

addresses to computers on the LAN which request them.

TABLE 5:

IP Address: Decimal and Binary

192

168

11000000

10101000

00000000

00000001

TABLE 6:

Subnet Mask: Decimal and Binary

255

11111111

00000000

Page 28 / 98

HITRON CVE-30360 USER’S GUIDE

CABLE

2.1.4

DHCP LEASE

“DHCP lease” refers to the length of time for which a DHCP server allows a DHCP

client to use an IP address. Usually, a DHCP client will request a DHCP lease

renewal before the lease time is up, and can continue to use the IP address for an

additional period. However, if the client does not request a renewal, the DHCP server

stops allowing the client to use the IP address.

This is done to prevent IP addresses from being used up by computers that no longer

require them, since the pool of available IP addresses is finite.

2.1.5

MAC ADDRESSES

Every network device possesses a Media Access Control (MAC) address. This is a

unique alphanumeric code, given to the device at the factory, which in most cases

cannot be changed (although some devices are capable of “MAC spoofing”, where

they impersonate another device’s MAC address).

MAC addresses are the most reliable way of identifying network devices, since IP

addresses tend to change over time (whether manually altered, or updated via

DHCP).

Each MAC address displays as six groups of two hexadecimal digits separated by

colons (or, occasionally, dashes) for example

00:AA:FF:1A:B5:74

NOTE:

Each group of two hexadecimal digits is known as an “octet”, since it

represents eight bits.

Bear in mind that a MAC address does not precisely represent a computer on your

network (or elsewhere), it represents a network device, which may be part of a

computer (or other device). For example, if a single computer has an Ethernet card

(to connect to your CVE-30360 via one of the

LAN

ports) and also has a wireless

card (to connect to your CVE-30360 over the wireless interface) the MAC addresses

of the two cards will be different. In the case of the CVE-30360, each internal module

(cable modem module, Ethernet module, wireless module, etc.) possesses its own

MAC address.

2.1.6

ROUTING MODE

When your CVE-30360 is in routing mode, it acts as a gateway for computers on the

LAN to access the Internet. The service provider assigns an IP address to the CVE-

30360 on the WAN, and all traffic for LAN computers is sent to that IP address. The

CVE-30360 assigns private IP addresses to LAN computers (when DHCP is active),

and transmits the relevant traffic to each private IP address.

NOTE:

When DHCP is not active on the CVE-30360 in routing mode, each computer

on the LAN must be assigned an IP address in the CVE-30360’s subnet

manually.

Page 29 / 98

HITRON CVE-30360 USER’S GUIDE

CABLE

When the CVE-30360 is not in routing mode, the service provider assigns an IP

address to each computer connected to the CVE-30360 directly. The CVE-30360

does not perform any routing operations, and traffic flows between the computers and

the service provider.

Routing mode is not user-configurable; it is specified by the service provider in the

CVE-30360’s configuration file.

2.1.7

CONFIGURATION FILES

The CVE-30360’s configuration (or config) file is a document that the CVE-30360

obtains automatically over the Internet from the service provider’s server, which

specifies the settings that the CVE-30360 should use. It contains a variety of settings

that are not present in the user-configurable Graphical User Interface (GUI) and can

be specified only by the service provider.

2.1.8

DOWNSTREAM AND UPSTREAM TRANSMISSIONS

The terms “downstream” and “upstream” refer to data traffic flows, and indicate the

direction in which the traffic is traveling. “Downstream” refers to traffic from the

service provider to the CVE-30360, and “upstream” refers to traffic from the CVE-

30360 to the service provider.

2.1.9

CABLE FREQUENCIES

Just like radio transmissions, data transmissions over the cable network must exist

on different frequencies in order to avoid interference between signals.

The data traffic band is separate from the TV band, and each data channel is

separate from other data channels.

2.1.10

MODULATION

Transmissions over the cable network are based on a strong, high frequency periodic

waveform known as the “carrier wave.” This carrier wave is so called because it

“carries” the data signal. The data signal itself is defined by variations in the carrier

wave. The process of varying the carrier wave (in order to carry data signal

information) is known as “modulation.” The data signal is thus known as the

“modulating signal.”

Cable transmissions use a variety of methods to perform modulation (and the

“decoding” of the received signal, or “demodulation”). The modulation methods

defined in DOCSIS 3 are as follows:



QPSK

: Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying



QAM

: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation



QAM TCM

: Trellis modulated Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

Page 30 / 98

HITRON CVE-30360 USER’S GUIDE

CABLE

In many cases, a number precedes the modulation type (for example

16 QAM

). This

number refers to the complexity of modulation. The higher the number, the more data

can be encoded in each symbol.

NOTE:

In modulated signals, each distinct modulated character (for example, each

audible tone produced by a modem for transmission over telephone lines) is

known as a symbol.

Since more information can be represented by a single character, a higher number

indicates a higher data transfer rate.

2.1.11

TDMA, FDMA AND SCDMA

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

and Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (SCDMA) are channel access

methods that allow multiple users to share the same frequency channel.



TDMA allows multiple users to share the same frequency channel by splitting

transmissions by time. Each user is allocated a number of time slots, and

transmits during those time slots.



FDMA allows multiple users to share the same frequency channel by assigning a

frequency band within the existing channel to each user.



SCDMA allows multiple users to share the same frequency channel by assigning

a unique orthogonal code to each user.

2.2

THE SYSTEM INFO SCREEN

Use this screen to see general information about your CVE-30360’s hardware, its

software, and its connection to the Internet.

NOTE:

Most of the information that displays in this screen is for troubleshooting

purposes only. However, you may need to use the MAC Address information

when setting up your network.

Click

Cable

System Info

. The following screen displays.

Rate

Popular Hitron Technologies Models

Famous Router IPs

Famous Router Companies

Bookmark Our Site

Share