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Version 2.0, February 2012. Copyright
2012 Hitron Technologies
26
HITRON CGN2 USER’S GUIDE
2
STATUS
This chapter describes the screens that display when you click
Status
in the toolbar.
It contains the following sections:
Cable Overview
on page
26
The System Info Screen
on page
33
The Initialization Screen
on page
37
The CM Status Screen
on page
38
The Password Screen
on page
41
The Capability Screen
on page
42
2.1
CABLE OVERVIEW
This section describes some of the concepts related to the
Cable
screens.
2.1.1
DOCSIS
The Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) is a
telecommunications standard that defines the provision of data services) Internet
access) over a traditional cable TV (CATV) network.
Your CGN2 supports DOCSIS version 3.0.
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Version 2.0, February 2012. Copyright
2012 Hitron Technologies
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Version 2.0, February 2012. Copyright
2012 Hitron Technologies
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HITRON CGN2 USER’S GUIDE
2.1.2
IP ADDRESSES AND SUBNETS
Every computer on the Internet must have a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address.
The IP address works much like a street address, in that it identifies a specific
location to which information is transmitted. No two computers on a network can have
the same IP address.
2.1.2.1
IP ADDRESS FORMAT
IP addresses consist of four octets (8-bit numerical values) and are usually
represented in decimal notation, for example
192.168.1.1
. In decimal notation, this
means that each octet has a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 255.
An IP address carries two basic pieces of information: the “network number” (the
address of the network as a whole, analogous to a street name) and the “host ID”
(analogous to a house number) which identifies the specific computer (or other
network device).
2.1.2.2
IP ADDRESS ASSIGNMENT
IP addresses can come from three places:
The Internet Assigned Numbers Agency (IANA)
Your Internet Service Provider
You (or your network devices)
IANA is responsible for IP address allocation on a global scale, and your ISP assigns
IP addresses to its customers. You should never attempt to define your own IP
addresses on a public network, but you are free to do so on a private network.
In the case of the CGN2:
The public network (Wide Area Network or WAN) is the link between the cable
connector and your Internet Service Provider. Your CGN2’s IP address on this
network is assigned by your service provider.
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2012 Hitron Technologies
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Version 2.0, February 2012. Copyright
2012 Hitron Technologies
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HITRON CGN2 USER’S GUIDE
The private network (in routing mode - see
Routing Mode
on page
31
) is your
Local Area Network (LAN) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), if
enabled. You are free to assign IP addresses to computers on the LAN and
WLAN manually, or to allow the CGN2 to assign them automatically via DHCP
(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). IANA has reserved the following blocks
of IP addresses to be used for private networks only:
If you assign addresses manually, they must be within the CGN2’s LAN subnet.
2.1.2.3
SUBNETS
A subnet (short for sub-network) is, as the name suggests, a separate section of a
network, distinct from the main network of which it is a part. A subnet may contain all
of the computers at one corporate local office, for example, while the main network
includes several offices.
In order to define the extent of a subnet, and to differentiate it from the main network,
a subnet mask is used. This “masks” the part of the IP address that refers to the main
network, leaving the part of the IP address that refers to the sub-network.
Each subnet mask has 32 bits (binary digits), as does each IP address:
A binary value of
1
in the subnet mask indicates that the corresponding bit in the
IP address is part of the main network.
A binary value of
0
in the subnet mask indicates that the corresponding bit in the
IP address is part of the sub-network.
For example, the following table shows the IP address of a computer (
192.168.1.1
)
expressed in decimal and binary (each cell in the table indicates one octet):
Table 5:
Private IP Address Ranges
FROM...
...TO
10.0.0.0
10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0
172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0
192.168.255.255
Table 6:
IP Address: Decimal and Binary
192
168
0
1
11000000
10101000
00000000
00000001
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Version 2.0, February 2012. Copyright
2012 Hitron Technologies
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Version 2.0, February 2012. Copyright
2012 Hitron Technologies
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HITRON CGN2 USER’S GUIDE
The following table shows a subnet mask that “masks” the first twenty-four bits of the
IP address, in both its decimal and binary notation.
This shows that in this subnet, the first three octets (
192.168.1
, in the example IP
address) define the main network, and the final octet (
1
, in the example IP address)
defines the computer’s address on the subnet.
The decimal and binary notations give us the two common ways to write a subnet
mask:
Decimal: the subnet mask is written in the same fashion as the IP address:
255.255.255.0
, for example.
Binary: the subnet mask is indicated after the IP address (preceded by a forward
slash), specifying the number of binary digits that it masks. The subnet mask
255.255.255.0
masks the first twenty-four bits of the IP address, so it would be
written as follows: 192.168.1.1
/24
.
2.1.3
DHCP
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, or DHCP, defines the process by which IP
addresses can be assigned to computers and other networking devices
automatically, from another device on the network. This device is known as a DHCP
server, and provides addresses to all the DHCP client devices.
In order to receive an IP address via DHCP, a computer must first request one from
the DHCP server (this is a broadcast request, meaning that it is sent out to the whole
network, rather than just one IP address). The DHCP server hears the requests, and
responds by assigning an IP address to the computer that requested it.
If a computer is not configured to request an IP address via DHCP, you must
configure an IP address manually if you want to access other computers and devices
on the network. See
IP Address Setup
on page
21
for more information.
By default, the CGN2 is a DHCP client on the WAN (the CATV connection). It
broadcasts an IP address over the cable network, and receives one from the service
provider. By default, the CGN2 is a DHCP server on the LAN; it provides IP
addresses to computers on the LAN which request them.
Table 7:
Subnet Mask: Decimal and Binary
255
255
255
0
11111111
11111111
11111111
00000000
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Version 2.0, February 2012. Copyright
2012 Hitron Technologies
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Version 2.0, February 2012. Copyright
2012 Hitron Technologies
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HITRON CGN2 USER’S GUIDE
2.1.4
DHCP LEASE
“DHCP lease” refers to the length of time for which a DHCP server allows a DHCP
client to use an IP address. Usually, a DHCP client will request a DHCP lease
renewal before the lease time is up, and can continue to use the IP address for an
additional period. However, if the client does not request a renewal, the DHCP server
stops allowing the client to use the IP address.
This is done to prevent IP addresses from being used up by computers that no longer
require them, since the pool of available IP addresses is finite.
2.1.5
MAC ADDRESSES
Every network device possesses a Media Access Control (MAC) address. This is a
unique alphanumeric code, given to the device at the factory, which in most cases
cannot be changed (although some devices are capable of “MAC spoofing”, where
they impersonate another device’s MAC address).
MAC addresses are the most reliable way of identifying network devices, since IP
addresses tend to change over time (whether manually altered, or updated via
DHCP).
Each MAC address displays as six groups of two hexadecimal digits separated by
colons (or, occasionally, dashes) for example
00:AA:FF:1A:B5:74
.
NOTE:
Each group of two hexadecimal digits is known as an “octet”, since it
represents eight bits.
Bear in mind that a MAC address does not precisely represent a computer on your
network (or elsewhere), it represents a network device, which may be part of a
computer (or other device). For example, if a single computer has an Ethernet card
(to connect to your CGN2 via one of the
LAN
ports) and also has a wireless card (to
connect to your CGN2 over the wireless interface) the MAC addresses of the two
cards will be different. In the case of the CGN2, each internal module (cable modem
module, Ethernet module, wireless module, etc.) possesses its own MAC address.

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