FRITZ WLAN-7390 Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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Glossary

ADSL2+ offers a doubled frequency range used for down-

stream transmission, and thus double the maximum

bandwidth achievable for downstream to 24 Mbit/s.

ADSL2+ is completely downward compatible, meaning

that terminal equipment compliant with ADSL and ADSL2

can also be operated on ADSL2+ lines, although they can-

not exploit the advantages of ADSL2+.

ADSL-Controller

An ADSL-Controller is an electronic hardware module that

allows a computer to access an ADSL line. ADSL-Control-

lers are stationary equipment, included on internal ADSL

cards (for the PCI bus) or in external ADSL modems (with

USB or Ethernet ports).

DECT

abbreviation for Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommuni-

cations

DECT is a European standard for cordless telephony which

was drafted by the European Telecommunications Stan-

dards Institute in 1992 and officially adopted in 1992.

DECT defines the air interface between a mobile handset

and its base station, and supports both voice transmis-

sion and data transmission with flexible transfer speeds.

Default gateway

see gateway

DHCP

abbreviation for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCP is a protocol for the dynamic negotiation of the op-

erating parameters for the TCP/IP protocol (TCP is a trans-

port protocol based on the Internet protocol). The comput-

ers in a local IP network (DHCP clients) access the DHCP

server as part of their operating systems' start procedure.

The central administration of the TCP/IP operation param-

eters makes it possible to avoid address conflicts caused

by IP addresses accidentally assigned more than once.

DHCP server

The DHCP server assigns each client an IP address that is

has not yet been assigned at the present time. The DHCP

server also informs the client of the IP addresses of the

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Glossary

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DNS server to be used and of the default gateway. In as-

signing the IP addresses the DHCP server selects from a

prescribed range of IP addresses.

DNS

abbreviation for Domain Name System

Domain Name Service takes care of determining the IP ad-

dress for a given domain name. This Domain Name Ser-

vice runs on every computer. It accepts the domain name

entered by a user and inquires about the corresponding IP

address at a DNS server known to the service. If a DNS

server cannot answer the inquiry itself, it can inquire

about the IP address (DNS resolution) at other DNS serv-

ers.

If the Domain Name Service receives negative information

from the DNS server (domain name not known), it can

send inquiries to other DNS servers it knows or return a

corresponding error message to the user. If it receives the

desired IP address instead, the application can use the IP

address to retrieve the destination desired by the user.

This hierarchical system of DNS servers is known as the

Domain Name System. The addresses of the DNS servers

at which the Domain Name Service is to inquire by default

generally are handed over to the computer by the Internet

Service Provider automatically whenever a connection to

the Internet is established. In local networks addresses

can also be assigned via DHCP. Otherwise they must be

entered manually in the TCP/IP settings of the computer

by the user or the system administrator.

Download

Download designates the transfer of files from the Internet

to a computer.

DSL modem

A DSL modem connects a computer to the Internet via the

DSL line. In contrast to the analog modem, a connection

via the DSL modem does not mean that the telephone line

is busy.

DSL router

A combination of a DSL modem and a router is called a

DSL router.

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Glossary

DDNS

abbreviation for Dynamic Domain Name System

DDNS is a service which allows a computer always to be

reached under the same domain name despite constantly

changing public IP addresses. This means the home net-

work can always be reached from the Internet, regardless

of the user’s location. Even private users have an econom-

ical way of placing their own Internet offers on their com-

puter at home.

Every time the Internet connection is established, the In-

ternet provider assigns a new public IP address.

Each time the IP address changes, the current IP address

is transmitted to a special DDNS server. Except for the few

seconds between the cancellation of the old IP address

and the notification of the new IP address, the computer

can always be reached at the selected domain name.

Dynamic IP

address

A dynamic IP address is an IP address valid only for the

duration of one Internet or network session.

Every computer participating in the Internet must have a

uniquely assigned public IP address. Since only a limited

number of such IP addresses is available, they must be

used sparingly. That is why most of the Internet partici-

pants who dial in to the Internet receive a dynamic IP ad-

dress. They are called dynamic because every participant

receives a new public address that has not been assigned

yet each time he or she dials in to the Internet.

By contrast, dynamic addresses are usually used in local

IP networks because they are easy to handle, and because

using them avoids incorrect IP address entries or uninten-

tional double assignments. The DHCP service is responsi-

ble for assigning unique dynamic IP addresses.

Fixed IP address

Fixed IP addresses are IP addresses which are permanently

assigned to a computer or another device like a network

printer.

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Glossary

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179

Assigning fixed IP addresses makes sense in cases where

a local network has a sufficiently large pool of IP address-

es available, or when a computer is always supposed to

be accessible at a certain address (such as a web server or

e-mail server).

Firewall

A firewall protects a computer or local network against at-

tacks from the Internet.

Most firewalls work with packet filters, which merely

check the IP addresses and port numbers of incoming and

outgoing data packets and filter the packets according to

prescribed rules.

Some firewalls also integrate additional concepts like IP

masquerading and NAT to decouple data traffic by distin-

guishing strictly between the internal and external net-

work.

Especially effective firewalls go even further, analyzing

and evaluating the contents of the packets and filtering

them according to prescribed rules. Such techniques may

also include a Stateful Packet Inspection Firewall, for in-

stance.

Firmware

Firmware designates software that is embedded in elec-

tronic devices. Firmware is saved in programmable com-

ponents within a device. Through the possibility of updat-

ing the firmware by computer at any time, manufacturers

enjoy great flexibility in reacting to the demands of the op-

erational environment, integrating new functions request-

ed by customers, and eliminating errors discovered after

production.

FTP

abbreviation for File Transfer Protocol

The File Transfer Protocol allows files to be exchanged be-

tween two computers operating in the Internet. Data ex-

change takes place via an FTP server and what is known as

an FTP client. The more convenient FTP clients are avail-

able as stand-alone software or are components of some

ISDN data transfer software; simple FTP clients are now in-

cluded in many web browsers.

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Glossary

Gateway

Gateway is a general term designating an interface be-

tween two networks. Such a network interface can be real-

ized using a router or a bridge, for instance.

If a computer wants to transfer data packets to a computer

in another network, it must first transmit the packet to the

gateway. To do this, the computer must know the address

of the gateway.

If all packets that cannot be delivered in a local network

always are to be transmitted to their given recipients via

the same gateway, for this purpose the address of the

gateway must be saved as the default gateway in the net-

work settings of the computer.

Such a default gateway for the computer is negotiated au-

tomatically by the operating system or the dialing soft-

ware whenever an ISDN-Controller or ADSL-Controller es-

tablishes a connection to the Internet. If a router is used

for the shared Internet access in a local network, the IP ad-

dress of the router must be entered as the default gateway

in the TCP/IP settings of each computer that wishes to use

the Internet connection. If the TCP/IP setting is configured

by means of a DHCP server, there is no need to enter the

gateway address manually.

HSPA

abbreviation for High Speed Packet Access

HSPA is a third-generation mobile radio standard further

developed from the the UMTS mobile radio standard.

HSPA provides for throughput rates in the mobile radio

network that are comparable with DSL (3.6 to

13.98 Mbit/s).

IP

abbreviation for Internet Protocol

The IP Internet Protocol is the most important basic proto-

col for the control of data exchange in local networks and

in the Internet. The Internet protocol works without a con-

nection; in other words, data packets are transmitted from

the sender to the recipient without previous consultation.

The addresses of the recipient and the sender in the data

packets are given as IP addresses.

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