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Glossary
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Glossary
802.11b
An IEEE standard for a wireless network that
operates at 2.4 GHz with rates up to 11
Mbps.
802.11g
An IEEE standard for a wireless network that
operates at 2.4 GHz with rates up to 54
Mbps.
2G – Second Generation
The second generation wireless
communications technology, introducing
digital voice encoding. Low speed data
services are supported.
3G – Third Generation
The third generation wireless communications
technology. 3G includes enhanced voice,
data, and video capabilities, improved
availability, broad bandwidth and high speed.
ALG – Application Layer Gateway
An ALG provides a translation and
transportation service for an Internet
application.
AES – Advanced Encryption Standard
An encryption method used by WPA2. AES
offers a high level of security and is approved
for sensitive corporate and government data
transmission.
AP – Access Point
An Internet device that seamlessly connects
wired and wireless networks. Access points
attached to a wired network support the
creation of multiple radio cells that enable
roaming throughout a facility.
APN – Access Point Name
A reference to the Internet access point of an
Service provider.
Association
Describes the establishment and
maintenance of a wireless link between
devices. (If security is enabled, the devices
cannot do anything but exchange security
credentials with this link). See
Authentication.
Authentication
The processthat occurs after association to
verify the identity of the wireless device or
end user and allow access to the network.
Broadcasting
To simultaneously send the same message to
multiple recipients.
CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access
A general term describing mobile air interface
technologies based on “spread spectrum”
digital radio access methods, offering benefits
including increased capacity, quality and
security. CDMA is fundamental to 3G mobile
systems.
Channel
A channel determines the radio frequency
used by an access point to pass data traffic to
wireless clients. Available channels depend
on region specific regulations.
CHAP – Challenge-Hanshake
Authentication Protocol
CHAP is an authentication scheme used by
PPP servers to validate the identity of remote
clients. CHAP periodically verifies the identity
of the client by using a three-way handshake.
This happens at the time of establishing the
initial link, and may happen again any time
afterward. The verification is based on a
shared secret (such as the client user’s
password). See also
PAP
.
CIFS – Common Internet File System
See
SMB
.
CLIP – Calling Line Identity Presentation
A service that provides a called party the
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calling line identity,for example the phone
number, of the caller.
DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol
A protocol used by networked computers
(clients) to obtain IP addresses and other
parameters such as the default gateway,
subnet mask, and IP addresses of DNS
servers from a DHCP server.
DHCP server
A configuration server, capable of configuring
network devices with a variety of information,
such as IP addresses, required for their
operation.
DNS – Domain Name System (or Service)
The distributed name/address mechanism
used in the Internet. It comprises distributed
online databases that contain mappings
between human-readable names and IP
addresses, and servers, which provide
translation services to client applications.
DTMF – Dual Tone Multi Frequency
The telephone signaling method used over
the line in the voice-frequency band to the call
switching center. The version of DTMF used
for telephone “tone dialing” is known by the
trademarked term “Touch-Tone”.
EDGE – Enhanced Data rates for Global
Evolution
A technology that gives GSM the capacity to
handle services for the third generation of
mobile telephony. EDGE provides three times
the data capacity of GPRS.
Encryption
Encryption is an effective way to achieve data
security by translating data into a secret code.
Encryption key
A sequence of characters used for data
encryption. The encrypted data can only be
sent and received by users with access to the
encryption key.
Ethernet
The most common LAN technology, used in
wired networks.
FTP – File Transfer Protocol
A protocol for exchanging files over the
Internet. FTP is most commonly used to
download and upload files from and to
servers.
Gateway
A network point that acts as an entrance to
another network.
GPRS – General Packet Radio Service
A packet-based mobile communications
system building on GSM. Advantages over
standard GSM include higher data
transmission speeds, more efficient use of
radio resources and continuous connection to
the network to facilitate more advanced non-
voice services.
GSM – Global System for Mobile
Communication
The second generation mobile system
originally developed in Europe. GSM is
oriented to voice and circuit mode data.
Host
A device (usually a computer) that is
connected to a TCP/IP network, including the
Internet. Each host has a unique IP address.
Host name
The DNS name of a device on a network,
used to simplify the process of locating
computers on a network.
HSPA – High Speed Packet Access
A mobile broadband technology that improves
the performance of networks based on the
Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System (UMTS).
IGD – Internet Gateway Device
See
UPnP IGD
.
IEEE – Institute of Electrical and
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Electronics Engineers
IEEE (pronounced I-tripleE) is an organization
composed of engineers, scientists, and
students. The IEEE is best known for
developing standards for the computer and
electronics industry. In particular, the IEEE
802 standards for local area networks are
widely followed.
IMEI – International Mobile Equipment
Identity
The IMEI number is a 15 digit numnber which
includes information on the origin, model, and
serial number unique to every mobile device.
The IMEI number is used by the mobile
network to identify valid devices.
IP – Internet Protocol
A part of a suite of protocols that effectively
defines the Internet as we know it. Specifies
addressing and control information for routing
data packets over networks.
IP address
The address of a host on the Internet,
consisting of four numbers, each from 0 to
255, separated by periods, for example
192.168.1.1. An IP address consists of a
network ID that identifies the particular
network the host belongs to, and a host ID
uniquely identifying the host itself on that
network. A network mask is used to define
the network ID and the host ID. See also
Private IP Address
and
Public IP Address.
LAN – Local Area Network
A computer network limited to the immediate
area, such as a home, office, or small
building.
Lease time
The amount of time that a dynamically
assigned IP address will be valid for a specific
device.
MAC address – Media Access Control
address
The permanent hardware address of a device
assigned by its manufacturer. MAC
addresses are expressed as six pairs of
hexadecimal characters (0-9 and a-f), with
each pair separated by colons. For example:
1a:2b:23:5b:66:9a
Mass Storage
Various techniques and devices used to store
large amounts of data. An example of a mass
storage device is a hard disk.
MBR – Mobile Broadband Router
A router providing residential and small office
users with broadband services like high-
speed data, voice, and fax connectivity.
Internet access is provided through the
mobile communications network.
NAT – Network Address Translation
A service performed by many routers that
translates a network’s IP address into a
private IP address for each device on the
LAN. Only the router and the LAN know these
addresses; the outside world sees only the
public IP address when talking to a computer
on the LAN.
Network mask
A sequence of bits applied to an IP address
to select the network ID while ignoring the
host ID. Bits set to 1 mean “select this bit”
while bits set to 0 mean “ignore this bit”. For
example, if the network mask 255.255.255.0
is applied to the IP address 100.10.50.1, the
network ID is 100.10.50, and the host ID is 1.
See also
Subnet mask
.
Packet
The units of data transmitted on a network.
Each packet contains a payload (the data),
plus overhead information such as where it
came from (source address) and where it will
go (destination address).
PAP – Password Authentication Protocol
PAP is a simple authentication protocol used
to authenticate a user to a remote access
server or Internet Service Provider (ISP). PAP
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is used by PPP and almost all network
operating system remote servers support
PAP. PAP transmits unencrypted ASCII
passwords over the network and is therefore
considered insecure, it is used as a last resort
when the remote access server does not
support a stronger authentication protocol,
such as CHAP.
Passphrase
A secret password used for WPA and WPA2
wireless data encryption. The encryption is
based on a WPA master key that is derived
from the passphrase and the network name
(SSID).
PC – Personal Computer
A computer designed for use by one person
at a time.
Port
In TCP and UDP networks, an endpoint to a
logical connection. The port number identifies
what type of port it is. For example, port 80 is
used for HTTP traffic.
PIN – Personal Identification Number
A secret code used for individual access to
for example computer networks. Generally, a
PIN is made up of 4 to 10 digits.
PPP – Point-to-Point Protocol
A protocol for serial data transmission that is
used to carry IP (and other protocol) data
between the service provider and your
computer.
Private IP Address
A private IP Address is typically assigned to a
client on a LAN and is not used outside the
LAN. Private IP addresses are typically used
when multiple computers share the same
Internet connection.
Protocol
A set of rules governing the transmission of
data. In order for a data transmission to work,
both ends of the connection have to follow the
rules of the protocol.
PSTN – Public Switched Telephone
Network
The traditional, wired telephone network
designed primarily for voice traffic.
Public IP Address
A public IP address is a globally unique
number that identifies a device on the
Internet. Anyone on the Internet can connect
to the device using the public address.
PUK – Personal Unblocking Key
A secret code made up of 8 to 10 digits. The
PUK is used to reactivate a SIM card that has
been blocked.
Roaming
The movement between microcells in a radio
network. Roaming service is used to provide
network access independent of where the
user resides and what service provider that is
running the network.
Routing
The forwarding of data between a local
network and the Internet on the most efficient
route, based on the data’s destination IP
address and current network conditions. A
device that performs routing is called a router.
RSSI – Received Signal Strength Indicator
The RSSI is an indicator of the strength of the
received radio signal.
SIM – Subscriber Identity Module
The “smart card” required by all mobile
customers to operate their phones. Carries
authentication, billing and information about
the individual subscriber, as well as address
book and other personalized information.
SMB – Server Message Block
An application-level network protocol mainly
applied to shared access to files, printers,
serial ports, and miscellaneous
communications between nodes on a
network. SMB was later renamed to CIFS
(Common Internet File System) with more
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features added, including support for
symbolic links, hard links, and larger file
sizes.
SSID – Service Set Identifier
A unique network name, or identifier, that
differentiates one wireless LAN from another.
All access points and clients attempting to
connect to a specific WLAN must use the
same SSID.
Subnet
A portion of a network. The subnet is
distinguished from the larger network by a
subnet mask that selects some of the
computers of the network and excludes all
others. The subnet’s devices remain
physically connected to the rest of the
network, but they are treated as though they
were on a separate network.
Subnet mask
A mask that defines a subnet. See also
Network mask
.
Switching
Routing data traffic by setting up temporary
connections between two or more network
points. This will take the data toward its
intended destination.
TCP – Transmission Control Protocol
See
TCP/IP
.
TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol /
Internet Protocol
The basic protocols used on the Internet.
TCP is responsible for dividing data up into
packets for delivery and reassembling them
at the destination. IP is responsible for
delivering the packets from source to
destination. When TCP and IP are bundled
with higher-level applications such as HTTP,
FTP, Telnet, and so on, TCP/IP refers to this
whole suite of protocols.
TFTP – Trivial File Transfer Protocol
A TCP/IP protocol commonly used for
software downloads.
TKIP – Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
A protocol used for WPA data encryption. It
ensures that a unique master key is
generated for each packet, supports message
integrity and sequencing rules, and supports
re-keying mechanisms. TKIP avoids the
problems of WEP static keys by dynamically
changing data encryption keys.
UDP – User Datagram Protocol
A connection-less transport service that
dispenses with the reliability services
provided by TCP. UDP gives applications a
direct interface with IP and the ability to
address a particular application process
running on a host via a port number, without
setting up a connection session.
UPnP – Universal Plug and Play
A networking architecture that provides
compatibility among networking equipment,
software, or between equipment and
software.
UPnP IGD – UPnP Internet Gateway Device
A standard used by UPnP aware clients, such
as MSN Messenger, to work properly from
behind a NAT.
UMTS – Universal Mobile
Telecommunications Service
A 3G wireless system that delivers high-
bandwidth data and voice services to mobile
users. UMTS has an air interface based on
WCDMA and a core network based on the
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS).
URL – Uniform Resource Locator
The address of a resource on the Internet, for
example www.ericsson.com.
USB – Universal Serial Bus
An interface for connecting peripherals such
as storage devices and printers to a host.

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