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Page 56 / 270 Scroll up to view Page 51 - 55
Unified Services Router
User Manual
54
NAT is a technique which allows several computers on a LAN to share an
Internet connection. The computers on the LAN use a "private" IP address
range while the WAN port on the router is configured with a single "public" IP
address. Along with connection sharing, NAT also hides internal IP addresses
from the computers on the Internet. NAT is required if your ISP has assigned
only one IP address to you. The compute rs that connect through the router will
need to be assigned IP addresses from a private subnet .
Transparent routing between the LAN and WAN does not perform NAT.
Broadcast and multicast packets that arrive on the LAN interface are switched
to the WAN and vice versa, if they do not get filtered by firewall or VPN
policies. To maintain the LAN and WAN in the same broadcast domain select
Transparent mode, which allows bridging of traffic from LAN to WAN and vice
versa, except for router-terminated traffic and other management traffic. All
DSR features (such as 3G modem support) are supported in transparent mode
assuming the LAN and WAN are configured to be in the same broadcast
domain.
NAT routing has a feature called “NAT Hair
-
pinning” that allows internal ne
twork
users on the LAN and DMZ to access internal servers (eg. an internal FTP server)
using their externally -
known domain name. This is also referred to as “NAT
loopback” since LAN generated traffic is redirected through the firewall to reach
LAN servers by their external name.
Page 57 / 270
Unified Services Router
User Manual
55
Figure 31: Routing Mode is use d to configure traffic routing be twe e n
WAN and LAN, as we ll as Dynamic routing (RIP)
Page 58 / 270
Unified Services Router
User Manual
56
3.5.2 Dynamic Routing (RIP)
DSR- 150/150N/250/250N does not support RIP.
Setup > Internet Settings > Routing Mode
Dynamic routing using the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an Interior
Gateway Protocol (IGP) that is common in LANs. With RIP this router can exchange
routing information with other supported routers in the LAN and allow for d ynamic
adjustment of routing tables in order to adapt to modifications in the LAN without
interrupting traffic flow.
The RIP direction will define how this router sends and receives RIP packets.
Choose between:
Both: The router both broadcasts its routing table and also processes RIP
information received from other routers. This is the recommended setting in
order to fully utilize RIP capabilities.
Out Only: The router broadcasts its routing table periodically but does not
accept RIP information from other routers.
In Only: The router accepts RIP information from other routers, but does not
broadcast its routing table.
None: The router neither broadcasts its route table nor does it accept any
RIP packets from other routers. This effectively disables RIP.
The RIP version is dependent on the RIP support of other routing
devices in the LAN.
Disabled: This is the setting when RIP is disabled.
RIP-1 is a class -based routing version that does not include subnet
information. This is the most commonly supported version.
RIP-2 includes all the functionality of RIPv1 plus it supports subnet
information. Though the data is sent in RIP-2 format for both RIP-2B and
RIP-2M, the mode in which packets are sent is different. RIP-2B broadcasts
data in the entire subnet while RIP-2M sends data to multicast addresses.
If RIP-2B or RIP-2M is the selected version, authentication between this router and
other routers (configured with the same RIP version) is required. MD5
authentication is used in a first/second key exchange process. The authentication
key validity lifetimes are configurable to ensure that the routing information
exchange is with current and supported routers detected on the LAN.
Page 59 / 270
Unified Services Router
User Manual
57
3.5.3 Static Routing
Advanced > Routing > Static Routing
Advanced > IPv6 > IPv6 Static Routing
Manually adding static routes to this device allows you to define the path selection
of traffic from one interface to another. There is no communication between this
router and other devices to account for changes in the path; once co nfigured the
static route will be active and effective until the network changes.
The List of Static Routes displays all routes that have been added manually by an
administrator and allows several operations on the static routes. The List of IPv4
Static Routes and List of IPv6 Static Routes share the same fields (with one
exception):
Name: Name of the route, for identification and management .
Active: Determines whether the route is active or inactive. A route can be
added to the table and made inactive, if not needed. This allows routes to be
used as needed without deleting and re -adding the entry. An inactive route is
not broadcast if RIP is enabled.
Private: Determines whether the route can be shared with other routers when
RIP is enabled. If the route is made private, then the route will not be shared
in a RIP broadcast or multicast. This is only applicable for IPv4 static
routes.
Destination: the route will lead to this destination host or IP address .
IP Subnet Mask: This is valid for IPv4 networks only, and identifies the
subnet that is affected by this static route
Interface: The physical network interface (WAN1, WAN2, WAN3, DMZ or
LAN), through which this route is accessible.
Gateway: IP address of the gateway through which the destination host o r
network can be reached.
Metric: Determines the priority of the route. If multiple routes to the same
destination exist, the route with the lowest metric is chosen.
Page 60 / 270
Unified Services Router
User Manual
58
Figure 32: Static route configuratio n fie lds
3.5.4 OSPFv2
Advanced > Routing > OSPF
OSPF is an interior gateway protocol that routes Internet Protocol (IP) packets solely
within a single routing domain. It gathers link state information from available routers
and constructs a topology map of the network.
OSPF version 2 is a routing protocol which described in RFC2328 - OSPF Version 2.
OSPF is IGP (Interior Gateway Protocols).OSPF is widely used in large networks
such as ISP backbone and enterprise networks.

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