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46

D-Link Systems, Inc.

Glossary

A

Access Contr

ol List -

ACL.

Database of network devices that are allowed to access resources on the

network.

Access P

oint -

AP. Device that allows wireless clients to connect to it and access the network

Ad-hoc netw

ork -

Peer-to-Peer network between wireless clients

Ad

dress Resolution Pr

otocol -

ARP. Used to map MAC addresses to IP addresses so that conversions can

be made in both directions.

ADSL -

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

Ad

v

anced Encr

yption Standar

d -

AES. Government encryption standard

Alphan

umeric -

Characters A-Z and 0-9

Antenna -

Used to transmit and receive RF signals.

AppleT

alk –

A set of Local Area Network protocols developed by Apple for their computer systems

AppleT

alk Ad

dress Resolution Pr

otocol –

AARP. Used to map the MAC addresses of Apple computers to

their AppleTalk network addresses, so that conversions can be made in both directions.

Application la

y

er -

7th Layer of the OSI model. Provides services to applications to ensure that they can

communicate properly with other applications on a network.

ASCII -

American Standard Code for Information Interchange. This system of characters is most commonly

used for text files

Atten

uation –

The loss in strength of digital an analog signals. The loss is greater when the signal is being

transmitted over long distances.

A

uthentication –

To provide credentials, like a Password, in order to verify that the person or device is really

who they are claiming to be

A

utomatic Priv

ate IP Ad

dressing -

APIPA. An IP address that a Windows computer will assign itself when it

is configured to obtain an IP address automatically but no DHCP server is available on the network

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D-Link Systems, Inc.

B

Bac

kwar

d Compatib

le -

The ability for new devices to communicate and interact with older legacy devices to

guarantee interoperability

Band

width -

The maximum amount of bytes or bits per second that can be transmitted to and from a network

device

Basic Input/Output System –

BIOS. A program that the processor of a computer uses to startup the system

once it is turned on

Baud –

Data transmission speed

Bit rate –

The amount of bits that pass in given amount of time

bit/sec –

bits per second

BOO

TP –

Bootstrap Protocol.

Allows for computers to be booted up and given an IP address with no user

intervention

Bottlenec

k –

A time during processes when something causes the process to slowdown or stop all together

Br

oadband –

A wide band of frequencies available for transmitting data

Br

oadcast –

Transmitting data in all directions at once

Br

o

wser –

A program that allows you to access resources on the web and provides them to you graphically

C

Cab

le modem –

A device that allows you to connect a computer up to a coaxial cable and receive Internet

access from your Cable provider

Car

dBus –

A newer version of the PC Card or PCMCIA interface.

It supports a 32-bit data path, DMA, and

consumes less voltage

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision A

v

oidance –

CSMA/CA

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detect –

CSMA/CD

CA

T 5 –

Category 5. Used for 10/100 Mbps or 1Gbps Ethernet connections

Client –

A program or user that requests data from a server

Collision –

When do two devices on the same Ethernet network try and transmit data at the exact same time.

Cookie – I

nformation that is stored on the hard drive of your computer that holds your preferences to the site

that gave your computer the cookie

CSMA/CA –

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance

CSMA/CD –

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection

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D-Link Systems, Inc.

D

Data –

Information that has been translated into binary do that it can be processed or moved to another device

Data Encr

yption Standar

d –

Uses a randomly selected 56-bit key that must be known by both the sender and

the receiver when information is exchanged

Data-Link la

y

er –

The second layer of the OSI model.

Controls the movement of data on the physical link of

a network

Database –

Organizes information so that it can be managed updated, as well as easily accessed by users or

applications

DB-25 –

A 25 ping male connector for attaching External modems or RS-232 serial devices

DB-9 –

A 9 pin connector for RS-232 connections

dBd -

decibels related to dipole antenna

dBi -

decibels relative to isotropic radiator

dBm -

decibels relative to one milliwatt

Decr

ypt –

To unscramble an encrypted message back into plain text

Default

– A predetermined value or setting that is used by a program when no user input has been entered for

this value or setting

Demilitariz

ed zone – DMZ.

A single computer or group of computers that can be accessed by both users on

the Internet as well as users on the Local Network, but that is not protected by the same security as the Local

Network.

DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

Used to automatically assign IP addresses from a predefined

pool of addresses to computers or devices that requests them

Digital cer

tificate –

An electronic method of providing credentials to a server in order to have access to it or

a network

Direct Sequence Spread Spectr

um – DSSS. Modulation technique used by 802.11b wireless devices

DNS – Domain Name System.

Translates Domain Names to IP addresses

DOCSIS –

Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications.

The standard interface for cable modems

Domain name –

A name that is associated with an IP address

Do

wnload –

To send a request from one computer to another and have the file transmitted back to the requesting

computer

DSL –

Digital Subscriber Line.

High bandwidth Internet connection over telephone lines

Duple

x –

Sending and Receiving data transmissions at the sane time

Dynamic DNS ser

vice –

DDNS is provided by companies to allow users with Dynamic IP addresses to obtain

a Domain Name that will always by linked to their changing IP address.

The IP address is updated by either

client software running on a computer or by a router that supports DDNS, whenever the IP address changes

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D-Link Systems, Inc.

Dynamic IP ad

dress –

IP address that is assigned by a DHCP server and that may change.

Cable Internet

providers usually use this method to assign IP addresses to their customers.

E

EAP –

Extensible Authentication Protocol

Email –

Electronic Mail is a computer-stored message that is transmitted over the Internet

Encr

yption –

Converting data into cyphertext so that it cannot be easily read

Enterprise –

Large organizations that use computers

Ethernet –

The most widely used technology for Local Area Networks.

F

Fiber optic –

A way of sending data through light impulses over glass or plastic wire or fiber

File ser

ver –

A computer on a network that stores data so that the other computers on the network can all

access it

File sharing –

Allowing data from computers on a network to be accessed by other computers on the network

will different levels of access rights

Fire

wall –

A device that protects resources of the Local Area Network from unauthorized users outside of the

local network

Firmware –

Programming that is inserted into a hardware device that tells it how to function

Fra

gmentation –

Breaking up data into smaller pieces to make it easier to store

FTP –

File Transfer Protocol.

Easiest way to transfer files between computers on the Internet

Full-duple

x –

Sending and Receiving data at the same time

G

Gain –

The amount an amplifier boosts the wireless signal

Gate

wa

y –

A device that connects your network to another, like the internet

Gbps –

Gigabits per second

Gigabit Ethernet –

Transmission technology that provides a data rate of 1 billion bits per second

Graphical user interface –

GUI

H

H.323 –

A standard that provides consistency of voice and video transmissions and compatibility for

videoconferencing devices

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Half-duple

x –

Data cannot be transmitted and received at the same time

Hashing –

Transforming a string of characters into a shorter string with a predefined length

He

xadecimal –

Characters 0-9 and A-F

HomePNA –

Networking over telephone lines

HomeRF –

Networking standard that combines 802.11b and DECT (digital Enhanced Cordless

Telecommunication) that provides speeds up to 1.6 Mbps and a distance of 150 ft using a Frequency Hopping

transmission method

Hop –

The action of data packets being transmitted from one router to another

Host –

Computer on a network

HTTP –

Hypertext Transfer Protocol is used to transfer files from HTTP servers (web servers) to HTTP clients

(web browsers)

HTTPS –

HTTP over SSL is used to encrypt and decrypt HTTP transmissions

Hub –

A networking device that connects multiple devices together

I

ICMP –

Internet Control Message Protocol

IEEE –

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF –

Internet Engineering Task Force

IGMP –

Internet Group Management Protocol is used to make sure that computers can report their multicast

group membership to adjacent routers

IIS –

Internet Information Server is a WEB server and FTP server provided by Microsoft

IKE –

Internet Key Exchange is used to ensure security for VPN connections

Infrastructure –

In terms of a wireless network, this is when wireless clients use an Access Point to gain

access to the network

Internet –

A system of worldwide networks which use TCP/IP to allow for resources to be accessed from

computers around the world

Internet Explorer –

A World Wide Web browser created and provided by Microsoft

Internet Pr

otocol –

The method of transferring data from one computer to another on the Internet

Internet Pr

otocol Security –

IPsec provides security at the packet processing layer of network communication

Internet Ser

vice Pr

o

vider –

An ISP provides access to the Internet to individuals or companies

Inter

operability –

The ability for products to interact with other products without much customer interaction

Intranet –

A private network

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