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Page 146 / 428 Scroll up to view Page 141 - 145
Manually Configuring a WLAN
132
Check Point ZoneAlarm User Guide
In this field…
Do this…
Wireless Transmitter
Transmission Rate
Select the transmission rate:
•
Automatic.
The ZoneAlarm router automatically selects a rate.
This is the default.
•
A specific rate
Transmitter Power
Select the transmitter power.
Setting a higher transmitter power increases the access point's range. A
lower power reduces interference with other access points in the vicinity.
The default value is
Full
. It is not necessary to change this value, unless
there are other access points in the vicinity.
Antenna Selection
Multipath distortion is caused by the reflection of Radio Frequency (RF)
signals traveling from the transmitter to the receiver along more than one
path. Signals that were reflected by some surface reach the receiver after
non-reflected signals and distort them.
ZoneAlarm routers avoid the problems of multipath distortion by using an
antenna diversity system. To provide antenna diversity, each wireless
security router has two antennas.
Specify which antenna to use for communicating with wireless stations:
•
Automatic.
The ZoneAlarm router receives signals through both
antennas and automatically selects the antenna with the lowest
distortion signal to use for communicating. The selection is
made on a per-station basis. This is the default.
•
ANT 1.
The ANT 1antenna is always used for communicating.
•
ANT 2.
The ANT 2 antenna is always used for communicating.
Use manual diversity control (
ANT 1
or
ANT 2
), if there is only one antenna
connected to the router.
Page 147 / 428
Manually Configuring a WLAN
Chapter 7: Configuring a Wireless Network
133
In this field…
Do this…
Fragmentation
Threshold
Type the smallest IP packet size (in bytes) that requires that the IP packet
be split into smaller fragments.
If you are experiencing significant radio interference, set the threshold to a
low value (around 1000), to reduce error penalty and increase overall
throughput.
Otherwise, set the threshold to a high value (around 2000), to reduce
overhead.
The default value is 2346.
RTS Threshold
Type the smallest IP packet size for which a station must send an RTS
(Request To Send) before sending the IP packet.
If multiple wireless stations are in range of the access point, but not in range
of each other, they might send data to the access point simultaneously,
thereby causing data collisions and failures. RTS ensures that the channel
is clear before the each packet is sent.
If your network is congested, and the users are distant from one another,
set the RTS threshold to a low value (around 500).
Setting a value equal to the fragmentation threshold effectively disables
RTS.
The default value is 2346.
Page 148 / 428
Manually Configuring a WLAN
134
Check Point ZoneAlarm User Guide
In this field…
Do this…
Extended Range
Mode (XR)
Specify whether to use Extended Range (XR) mode:
•
Disabled.
XR mode is disabled.
•
Enabled.
XR mode is enabled. XR will be automatically
negotiated with XR-enabled wireless stations and used as
needed. This is the default.
For more information on XR mode, see
About the Wireless Hardware in
Your Wireless Router
on page 114.
Multimedia QoS
(WMM)
Specify whether to use the Wireless Multimedia (WMM) standard to
prioritize traffic from WMM-compliant multimedia applications. This can
have the following values:
•
Disabled.
WMM is disabled. This is the default.
•
Enabled.
WMM is enabled. The ZoneAlarm router will prioritize
multimedia traffic according to four access categories (Voice,
Video, Best Effort, and Background). This allows for smoother
streaming of voice and video when using WMM aware
applications.
Page 149 / 428
Troubleshooting Wireless Connectivity
Chapter 7: Configuring a Wireless Network
135
Troubleshooting Wireless Connectivity
I cannot connect to the WLAN from a wireless station. What should I do?
•
Check that the SSID configured on the station matches the ZoneAlarm router's
SSID. The SSID is case-sensitive.
•
Check that the encryption settings configured on the station (encryption mode
and keys) match the ZoneAlarm router's encryption settings.
•
If MAC filtering is enabled, verify that the MAC address of all stations is listed
in the
Network Objects
page (see
Viewing and Deleting Network Objects
on
page 104).
•
Check that the wireless card region matches the access point region.
•
Check the wireless card supports the wireless standard that you configured.
How do I test wireless reception?
•
Look at the
Wireless
page, and check for excessive errors or dropped packets.
•
Look at the
My Computers
page, to see information for specific wireless stations,
such as the number of transmission errors, and the current reception power of
each station.
•
On the wireless station, open a command window and type
ping my.firewall
. If
you see a large number of dropped packets, you are experiencing poor reception.
Wireless reception is poor. What should I do?
•
Adjust the angle of the antennas, until the reception improves. The antennas
radiate horizontally in all directions.
•
If both antennas are connected to the ZoneAlarm router, check that the
Antenna
Selection
parameter in the WLAN's advanced settings is set to
Automatic
(see
Manually Configuring a Wireless Network
on page 122).
•
Relocate the ZoneAlarm router to a place with better reception, and avoid
obstructions, such as walls and electrical equipment. For example, try mounting
the router in a high place with a direct line of sight to the wireless stations.
•
Check for interference with nearby electrical equipment, such as microwave
ovens and cordless or cellular phones.
Page 150 / 428
Troubleshooting Wireless Connectivity
136
Check Point ZoneAlarm User Guide
•
Check the
Transmission Power
parameter in the WLAN's advanced settings.
•
Make sure that you are not using two access points in close proximity and on the
same frequency. For minimum interference, channel separation between nearby
access points must be at least 25 MHz (5 channels).
•
The ZoneAlarm router supports XR (Extended Range) technology. For best
range, enable XR mode in the wireless network's advanced settings, and use XR-
enabled stations.
•
Range outdoors is normally much higher than indoors, depending on
environmental conditions.
Note:
You can observe any changes in the wireless reception in the
My Computers
page. Make sure to refresh the page after making a change.
Note:
Professional companies are available for help in setting up reliable wireless
networks, with access to specialized testing equipment and procedures.
There are excessive collisions between wireless stations. What should I do?
If you have many concurrently active wireless stations, there may be collisions between
them. Such collisions may be the result of a "hidden node" problem: not all of the stations
are within range of each other, and therefore are "hidden" from one another. For example,
if station A and station C do not detect each other, but both stations detect and are detected
by station B, then both station A and C may attempt to send packets to station B
simultaneously. In this case, the packets will collide, and Station B will receive corrupted
data.
The solution to this problem lies in the use of the RTS protocol. Before sending a certain
size IP packet, a station sends an RTS (Request To Send) packet. If the recipient is not
currently receiving packets from another source, it sends back a CTS (Clear To Send)
packet, indicating that the station can send the IP packet. Try setting the
RTS Threshold
parameter in the wireless network's advanced settings to a lower value. This will cause
stations to use RTS for smaller IP packets, thus decreasing the likeliness of collisions.
In addition, try setting the
Fragmentation Threshold
parameter in the wireless network's
advanced settings to a lower value. This will cause stations to fragment IP packets of a
certain size into smaller packets, thereby reducing the likeliness of collisions and
increasing network speed.

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