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3.7 Glossary
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ADSL is a technology for transmitting digital
information at a high bandwidth on existing phone
lines to homes and businesses. Unlike regular dial-up
phone service, ADSL provides continuously-available,
“always on” connection. ADSL is asymmetric in that it
uses most of the channel to transmit downstream to
the user and only a small part to receive information
from the user. ADSL simultaneously accommodates
analog (voice) information on the same line. ADSL is
generally offered at downstream data rates from 512
kbit/s to about 6 Mbit/s.
ADSL2+
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 2+
ADSL2plus doubles the bandwidth used for
downstream data transmission, effectively doubling
the maximum downstream data rates, and achieving
rates of 20 Mbit/s on phone lines as long at 5,000
feet. ADSL2+ solutions will most commonly be
multimode, interoperating with ADSL and ADSL2, as
well as with ADSL2+ chipsets.
Browser
A computer program that allows users to view
information from the Internet. To use a browser, you
type in the URL of a website, and the browser then
connects your computer to the website, and shows
the information there on your screen.
Client
On a local area network or the Internet, a computer
that accesses shared network resources provided by
another computer (called a server).
DHCP
Dynamic Host Con
guration Protocol
DHCP is a client-server networking protocol. Most
organizations use DHCP. A DHCP server provides
con
guration parameters speci
c to the DHCP client
host requesting, generally, information required
by the host to participate on the Internet network.
DHCP also provides a mechanism for allocation of IP
addresses to hosts.
DNS
Domain Name System
A hierarchical way of tracking domain names and
their addresses, devised in the mid-1980s. The DNS
database does not rely on one
le or even one server,
but rather is distributed over several key computers
across the Internet to prevent catastrophic failure
if one or a few computers go down. DNS is a TCP/IP
service that belongs to the Application layer of the
OSI model.
DLNA
Digital Living Network Alliance de
nes a standard
for moving movies, photos, music and other media
from device to device. DLNA servers can store media
in one location without setup or con
guration, can
stream the media to DLNA compliant devices like
Playstation 3 and Xbox 360.
For more information see
www.dlna.org
Ethernet
A local area network (LAN) architecture developed
by Xerox Corporation in cooperation with DEC and
Intel in 1976. Ethernet uses a bus or star topology
and supports data transfer rates of 10 Mbit/s. The
Ethernet speci
cation served as the basis for the
IEEE 802.3 standard, which speci
es the physical and
lower software layers. Ethernet uses the CSMA/CD
access method to handle simultaneous demands.
It is one of the most widely implemented LAN
standards.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE) is a standards organization for computer and
electronic devices. Its senior members are IEEE
fellows.
Internet
Largest global internet work, connecting tens of
thousands of networks worldwide and having a
‘culture’ that focuses on research and standardization
based on real-life use. Many leading-edge network
technologies come from the Internet community.
The most important using for Internet is:
The email
The World Wide Web (WWW)
The transfer of data
The forum of discussion
To transfer data of peer-to-peer
Chat
The content of audio/video streaming
IP
Internet Protocol
The set of standards responsible for ensuring that
data packets transmitted over the Internet are routed
to their intended destinations.
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IP address
An IP address is the logical address of a network
adapter. The IP address uniquely identi
es computers
on a network. An IP address can be private, for use on a
LAN, or public, for use on the Internet or other WAN.
kbit/s
Kilobit per second
A unit used to express the speed of a network.
LAN
Local Area Network
A computer network covering a small local area, like
a home, of
ce, or small group of buildings such as a
home, of
ce, or college. Current LANs are most likely
to be based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology
running at 10, 100 or 1,000 Mbit/s (1,000 Mbit/s is also
known as 1 Gbit/s).
MAC address
It is a hardware address that uniquely identi
es each
node of a network.
Mbit/s
Megabit per second
A unit used to express the speed of a network.
NAPT
Network Address Port Translation
NAPT enables a local area network (LAN) to use one
set of IP addresses for internal traf
c and a second set
of addresses for external traf
c.
PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet
PPPoE is a network protocol for encapsulating PPP
frames in Ethernet frames. It is used mainly with
DSL services. It offers standard PPP features such as
authentication, encryption, and compression.
Protocol
On the Internet, “protocol” usually refers to a set of
rules that de
ne an exact format for communication
between systems.
Server
A computer or program that responds to commands
from a client. For example, a
le server may contain an
archive of data or program
les. When a client submits
a request for a
le, the server transfers a copy of the
le
to the client.
SSID
A SSID (
Service Set Identi
er)
is the name of a
particular local wireless network to which a user wants
to connect.
Broadbcasting SSID’s displays a list of
wirelss networks in range allowing the user to select a
preferred one.
Subnet mask
The technique used by the IP protocol to determine
which network segment packets are destined for. The
subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the
client machine, server or router, and is matched with
the IP address.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
The reliable transport protocol within the TCP/
IP protocol suite. TCP ensures that all data arrive
accurately and 100% intact at the other end. TCP’s
unreliable counterpart is UDP, which is used for
streaming media, VoIP and videoconferencing.
TCP/IP
A suite of communications protocols used to connect
hosts on the Internet. TCP/IP uses several protocols,
the two main ones being TCP and IP.
TKIP
(
Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
) – Using TKIP,
automatically changes the keys at a preset time
interval, making it much more dif
cult for hackers to
nd and exploit them.
UDP
User Datagram Protocol
One of the TCP/IP suite of protocols for data transfer,
which allows an application program on one machine
to send a datagram to an application program on
another machine.
URL
Universal Resource Locator
The global address of documents and other resources
on the World Wide Web.
USB
Universal Serial Bus
USB is a serial protocol and physical link, which
transmits all data differentially on a single pair of
wires. Another pair provides power to downstream
peripherals.
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Virtual server
A virtual server allows you to direct incoming traf
c
from the Internet (identi
ed by protocol and external
port) to an internal server with a private IP address on
the LAN.
WAN
Wide Area Network
WAN usually refers to a network which covers a
large geographical area, and uses communications
circuits to connect the intermediate nodes. A major
factor impacting WAN design and performance is a
requirement that they lease communications circuits
from telephone companies or other communications
carriers.
Wi-Fi
Wireless Fidelity
A wireless data networking protocol generally used to
connect PCs to a network. Also known as 802.11b and
WLAN (Wireless LAN), it is the most common means of
wireless networking and operates at 2.4 GHz.
WPA Key
This is your Network Key to access your secure
wireless connection. You will
nd the default one
for your device on the rear panel of your Vodafone
Broadband Complete.
WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy
Part of the IEEE 802.11 standard (rati
ed in
September 1999), and is a scheme used to secure
wireless networks (Wi-Fi). Because a wireless network
broadcasts messages using radio, it is particularly
susceptible to eavesdropping; WEP was designed to
provide comparable con
dentiality to a traditional
wired network, hence the name.
WPS
Wireless Protected Setup is a standard for easy and
secure establishment of a wireless home network.
A WPS (Push Button) allows home users who know
little of wireless security to con
gure their Wi-Fi
Protected Access at the touch of a button.
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October 2010

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