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Ubee Interactive
Glossary
Ubee DDW365 Advanced Wireless Gateway Subscriber User Guide
•
September 2015
97
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
A protocol that centrally automates the assignment of IP addresses in a network. Using
the Internet’s set of protocols (TCP/IP), each machine that can connect to the Internet
needs a unique IP address. For example, when the service provider sets up computer
users with a connection to the Internet, an IP address is assigned to each machine.
DHCP lets the service provider distribute IP addresses and automatically sends a new IP
address when a computer is plugged in to the high-speed Internet network. DHCP uses
the concept of a “lease” or amount of time an IP address is valid for a computer. Lease
times can vary.
DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)
Allows one IP address (or computer) to be placed in between the firewall and the Internet
(usually for gaming and video conferencing). This allows risky, open access to the
Internet.
DOCSIS (Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification)
An International telecommunications standard that permits the addition of high-speed data
transfer over an existing cable TV system.
Domain
A subnetwork comprised of a group of clients and servers under the control of one
security database.
Domain Name
A descriptive name for an address or group of addresses on the Internet. Domain names
are in the form of a registered entity name plus one of a number of predefined top-level
suffixes, such as .com, .edu, .org.
DoS (Denial of Service) Attack
An attempt to make a machine or network resources unavailable to its intended users.
DNS (Domain Name System)
An Internet service that locates and translates domain names into IP addresses. Because
domain names are alphabetic, they are easier to remember. However, the Internet is
based on IP addresses. Every time you use a domain name, a DNS service translates the
name into the corresponding IP address. The DNS system is actually its own network. If
one DNS server does not know how to translate a particular domain name, it asks another
one, and so on, until the correct IP address is returned.
Downstream
A term to describe the direction of data from the network service provider to the customer.
DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Message)
Informs clients about the presence of buffered broadcast data on the access point.
Ethernet
A standard network protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a
common transmission medium. It forms the underlying transport vehicle used by several
upper-level protocols, including TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP.
Page 102 / 106
Ubee Interactive
Glossary
Ubee DDW365 Advanced Wireless Gateway Subscriber User Guide
•
September 2015
98
Firewall
A highly effective method to block unsolicited traffic from outside the connected
computers in your gateway and local network.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
A network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another over a TCP-based
network.
Gateway
A local device, usually a router, that connects hosts on a local network to other networks
– sometimes with different incompatible communication protocols. The DDW365 is an
example of a gateway.
Headend
A main facility to process and distribute Internet communication signals. Headend may
also refer to cable television signals and power line communication facilities.
ICQ
A free instant-messaging utility introduced by Mirabilis in 1996.
IKE (Internet Key Exchange)
A protocol used to ensure security for VPN negotiation and remote host or network
access.
IP (Internet Protocol)
The method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the
Internet. It is a standard set of rules, procedures, or conventions relating to the format and
timing of data transmission between two computers that they must accept and use to
understand each other. Used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) to
form TCP/IP.
IP Address
In the most widely installed level of the IP today, an IP address is a 32-bit binary digit
number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent in packet form
across the Internet. When you request a Web page or send an e-mail, the IP part of
TCP/IP includes your IP address. IP sends your IP address to the IP address obtained by
looking up the domain name in the URL you requested or in the e-mail address to which
you are sending a note. A dynamic IP address is an IP address that is automatically
assigned to a client station in a TCP/IP network, typically by a DHCP server.
IPsec (Internet Protocol Security)
A protocol suite for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating and
encrypting each IP packet of a communication session.
IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
A system that facilitates the transfer of messages in the form of text.
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
A company that provides individuals and companies access to the Internet and other
related services.
Page 103 / 106
Ubee Interactive
Glossary
Ubee DDW365 Advanced Wireless Gateway Subscriber User Guide
•
September 2015
99
IUC (Interval Usage Code)
Interval usage codes define different profiles for upstream burst profiles to use for the
data. IUCs are sent to the cable modem from the CMTS to tell the device important
characteristics to use for the burst, such as modulation type, preamble length, and so on.
Kerberos
A network authentication protocol which works on the basis of “tickets” to allow nodes
communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a
secure manner.
LAN (Local Area Network)
A group of computers and associated devices such as printers and servers that share a
common communication line and other resources within a small geographic area.
MAC (Media Access Control Address)
A unique number assigned by the manufacturer to any Ethernet networking device, such
as a network adapter, that allows the network to identify it at the hardware level. Usually
written in the form 01:23:45:67:89:ab.
Mbps (Megabits per Second)
A unit of measurement for data transmission that represents one million bits per second.
MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit)
The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received.
NAT (Network Address Translation)
A technique by which several hosts or computers share a single IP address for access to
the Internet. NAT enables a LAN to use one set of IP addresses for internal traffic and a
second set of addresses for external traffic, and provides a type of firewall by hiding
internal IP addresses.
NetBios (Network Basic Input/Output System)
A program that allows applications on different computers to communicate within a local
area network.
Net2Phone
A software/services company whose principal line of business is SIP-based and
PacketCable-based voice over IP.
Packet
A block of information sent over a network. A packet typically contains a source and
destination network address, some protocol and length information, a block of data, and a
checksum.
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol)
A method for ensuring secure communication between virtual private networks.
Page 104 / 106
Ubee Interactive
Glossary
Ubee DDW365 Advanced Wireless Gateway Subscriber User Guide
•
September 2015
100
Ranging
A process in which a cable modem sends a range request at a power of 8 dBmV (very low
power). If it does not receive a range response from the CMTS, the cable modem re-
transmits the range request at a 3 dB higher power level and continues the process until
a range response is received.
Router
A device that forwards data between networks. An IP router forwards data based on IP
source and destination addresses.
RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
A protocol in which routers periodically exchange information with one another to
determine minimum-distance paths between sources and destinations.
RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator)
A measurement of the power present in a received radio signal. Lower negative numbers
(for example, -1 to -65) indicate the access point is closer. Greater negative numbers (for
example, -66 to -95) indicate the access point is farther away. RSSI is optimal between
0dBm and -64dBm.
RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol)
A set of communication rules that allows channels or paths on the Internet to be reserved
for the multicast transmission of video and other high-bandwidth messages.
RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol)
A protocol used in the transfer of real-time streaming media such as audio and video.
Service Set Identifier (SSID)
A sequence of characters that uniquely names a wireless local area network (WLAN). The
SSID allows stations to connect to the desired network when multiple independent
networks are operating in the same physical area.
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
A signaling communications protocol that is widely used for controlling multimedia
communications sessions such as voice and video over Internet Protocol networks.
SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio)
A measure that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise.
SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol)
A protocol for synthesizing the clocks of computing devices over networks.
STBC (Space-Time Block Code))
A technique used in wireless communications to transmit multiple copies os a data stream
across a number of antennas.
Page 105 / 106
Ubee Interactive
Glossary
Ubee DDW365 Advanced Wireless Gateway Subscriber User Guide
•
September 2015
101
Subnet
A portion of a network that shares a common address component. On TCP/IP networks,
subnets are defined as all devices whose IP addresses have the same prefix. For
example, all devices with IP addresses that start with 10.1.10 would be part of the same
subnet. IP networks are divided using a subnet mask.
Subnet Mask
Combined with the IP address, the IP subnet mask allows a device to know which other
addresses are local to it, and which must be reached through a gateway or router. A
number that explains which part of an IP address comprises the network address and
which part is the host address on that network.
Telnet
A network protocol used on the Internet or a local area network. Provides bi-directional
interactive text-oriented communications using a virtual terminal connection.
TACACS (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System)
A remote authentication protocol used to communicate with an authentication server to
determine if the user is allowed to access the network.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
A method (protocol) used with the IP to send data in the form of message units
(datagrams) between network devices over a LAN or WAN. While IP handles the actual
delivery of the data (routing), TCP keeps track of the individual units of data (packets) that
a message is divided into for efficient delivery over the network. TCP requires the receiver
of a packet to return an acknowledgment of receipt to the sender of the packet.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
The basic communication language or set of protocols to communicate over a network
(developed specifically for the Internet). TCP/IP defines a suite or group of protocols.
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
A method in which cable modems must time-share the upstream channel because there
are many cable modems and only one upstream channel frequency.
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
A file transfer protocol used to transfer automatically configuration or boot files.
TPC (Transmit Power Control)
Sometimes called Dynamic Power Control (DPC), TPC is a mechanism used in radio
communications to reduce the power of a radio transmitter to the minimum necessary to
maintain the link with a certain quality. It is used to avoid interference with other devices
and/or to extend battery life.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
A communications protocol that offers a limited amount of service when messages are
exchanged between computers in a network that uses the Internet Protocol.

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