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Category 5 Cables
One of five grades of Twisted Pair (TP) cabling defined by the EIA/TIA-586 standard. Category 5 can be used in
Ethernet (10BASE-T) and Fast Ethernet networks (100BASE-TX) and can transmit data up to speeds of 100
Mbps. Category 5 cabling is better to use for network cabling than Category 3, because it supports both Ether-
net (10 Mbps) and Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) speeds.
Channel
Similar to any radio device, the Wireless Cable/DSL router allows you to choose different radio channels in the
wireless spectrum. A channel is a particular frequency within the 2.4GHz spectrum within which the Router
operates.
Client
The term used to described the desktop PC that is connected to your network.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This protocol automatically assigns an IP address for every computer on
your network. Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows NT 4.0 contain software that assigns IP addresses to
workstations on a network. These assignments are made by the DHCP server software that runs on Windows
NT Server, and Windows 95 and Windows 98 will call the server to obtain the address. Windows 98 will allocate
itself an address if no DHCP server can be found.
DMZ
DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) is an area outside the firewall, to let remote users to have access to items on your net-
work (Web site, FTP download and upload area, etc.).
DNS Server Address
DNS stands for Domain Name System, which allows Internet host computers to have a domain name (such as
pirelli.com) and one or more IP addresses (such as 192.168.10.8). A DNS server keeps a database of host com-
puters and their respective domain names and IP addresses, so that when a domain name is requested (as in
typing “pirelli.com” into your Internet browser), the user is sent to the proper IP address. The DNS server
address used by the computers on your home network is the location of the DNS server your ISP has assigned.
DSL
Short for digital subscriber line, but is commonly used in reference to the asymmetric version of this technology
(ADSL) that allows data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines at data rates of from 1.5 to 9 Mbps when
receiving data (known as the downstream rate) and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data (known as the
upstream rate). ADSL requires a special ADSL modem. ADSL is growing in popularity as more areas around the
world gain access.
DSL modem
DSL stands for digital subscriber line. A DSL modem uses your existing phone lines to send and receive data at
high speeds.
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Encryption
A method for providing a level of security to wireless data transmissions. The Router uses two levels of encryp-
tion; 40/64 bit and 128 bit. 128 bit is a more powerful level of encryption than 40/64 bit.
Ethernet
A LAN specification developed jointly by Xerox, Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation. Ethernet networks use
CSMA/CD to transmit packets at a rate of 10 Mbps over a variety of cables.
Ethernet Address
See MAC address.
Fast Ethernet
An Ethernet system that is designed to operate at 100 Mbps.
Firewall
Electronic protection that prevents anyone outside of your network from seeing your files or damaging your
computers.
Full Duplex
A system that allows packets to be transmitted and received at the same time and, in effect, doubles the poten-
tial throughput of a link.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. This American organization was founded in 1963 and sets
standards for computers and communications.
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force. An organization responsible for providing engineering solutions for TCP/IP
networks. In the network management area, this group is responsible for the development of the SNMP proto-
col.
IGMP
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is an Internet protocol that provides a way for an Internet
computer to report its multicast group membership to adjacent routers. Multicasting allows one computer on the
Internet to send content to multiple other computers that have identified themselves as interested in receiving
the originating computer's content. Multicasting can be used for such applications as updating the address
books of mobile computer users in the field, sending out company newsletters to a distribution list, and
"broadcasting" high-bandwidth programs of streaming media to an audience that has "tuned in" by setting up a
multicast group membership.
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Infrastructure mode
Infrastructure mode is the wireless configuration supported by the Router. You will need to ensure all of your cli-
ents are set up to use infrastructure mode in order for them to communicate with the Access Point built into your
Router. (see also Ad Hoc mode)
IP
Internet Protocol. IP is a layer 3 network protocol that is the standard for sending data through a network. IP is
part of the TCP/IP set of protocols that describe the routing of packets to addressed devices. An IP address con-
sists of 32 bits divided into two or three fields: a network number and a host number or a network number, a sub-
net number, and a host number.
IP Address
Internet Protocol Address. A unique identifier for a device attached to a network using TCP/IP. The address is
written as four octets separated with periods (full-stops), and is made up of a network section, an optional sub-
net section and a host section.
ISP
Internet Service Provider. An ISP is a business that provides connectivity to the Internet for individuals and other
businesses or organizations.
LAN
Local Area Network. A network of end stations (such as PCs, printers, servers) and network devices (hubs and
switches) that cover a relatively small geographic area (usually not larger than a floor or building). LANs are
characterized by high transmission speeds over short distances (up to 1000 metres).
MAC
Media Access Control. A protocol specified by the IEEE for determining which devices have access to a network
at any one time.
MAC Address
Media Access Control Address. Also called the hardware or physical address. A layer 2 address associated with
a particular network device. Most devices that connect to a LAN have a MAC address assigned to them as they
are used to identify other devices in a network. MAC addresses are 6 bytes long.
Mbps
Megabits per second.
MDI/MDIX
In cable wiring, the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the PC, which is wired as a
Media Dependant Interface (MDI). In MDI wiring, a PC transmits on pins 1 and 2. At the hub, switch, router, or
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access point, the perspective is reversed, and the hub receives on pins 1 and 2. This wiring is referred to as
Media Dependant Interface - Crossover (MDI-X).
NAT
Network Address Translation. NAT enables all the computers on your network to share one IP address. The
NAT capability of the Router allows you to access the Internet from any computer on your home network with-
out having to purchase more IP addresses from your ISP.
Network
A Network is a collection of computers and other computer equipment that are connected for the purpose of
exchanging information or sharing resources. Networks vary in size, some are within a single room, others
span continents.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
A circuit board installed into a piece of computing equipment, for example, a computer, that enables you to con-
nect it to the network. A NIC is also known as an adapter or adapter card.
Protocol
A set of rules for communication between devices on a network. The rules dictate format, timing, sequencing
and error control.
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network.
PPPoA
Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM. PPP over ATM is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over
an always-on connection by simulating a dial-up connection.
PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. Point-to-Point Protocol is a method of data transmission originally cre-
ated for dial-up connections; PPPoE is for Ethernet connections.
RJ-45
A standard connector used to connect Ethernet networks. The “RJ” stands for “registered jack”.
Router
A device that acts as a central hub by connecting to each computer's network interface card and managing the
data traffic between the local network and the Internet.
Server
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A computer in a network that is shared by multiple end stations. Servers provide end stations with access to
shared network services such as computer files and printer queues.
SSID
Service Set Identifier. Some vendors of wireless products use SSID interchangeably with ESSID.
Subnet Address
An extension of the IP addressing scheme that allows a site to use a single IP network address for multiple phys-
ical networks.
Subnet mask
A subnet mask, which may be a part of the TCP/IP information provided by your ISP, is a set of four numbers
configured like an IP address. It is used to create IP address numbers used only within a particular network (as
opposed to valid IP address numbers recognized by the Internet, which must assigned by InterNIC).
Subnets
A network that is a component of a larger network.
Switch
A device that interconnects several LANs to form a single logical LAN that comprises of several LAN segments.
Switches are similar to bridges, in that they connect LANs of a different type; however they connect more LANs
than a bridge and are generally more sophisticated.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. This is the name for two of the most well-known protocols
developed for the interconnection of networks. Originally a UNIX standard, TCP/IP is now supported on almost
all platforms, and is the protocol of the Internet.
TCP
It relates to the content of the data travelling through a network — ensuring that the information sent arrives in
one piece when it reaches its destination. IP relates to the address of the end station to which data is being sent,
as well as the address of the destination network.
Traffic
The movement of data packets on a network.
Universal plug and play
Universal plug and play is a system which allows compatible applications to read some of their settings from the
Router. This allows them to automatically configure some, or all, of their settings and need less user configura-
tion.

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