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DSL
Short for digital subscriber line, but is commonly used in reference to the asymmetric version of this technol-
ogy (ADSL) that allows data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines at data rates of from 1.5 to 9
Mbps when receiving data (known as the downstream rate) and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data
(known as the upstream rate). ADSL requires a special ADSL modem. ADSL is growing in popularity as
more areas around the world gain access.
DSL modem
DSL stands for digital subscriber line. V DSL modem uses your existing phone lines to send and receive da-
ta at high speeds.
Encryption
A method for providing a level of security to wireless data transmissions. The Router uses two levels of en-
cryption; 40/64 bit and 128 bit. 128 bit is a more powerful level of encryption than 40/64 bit.
Ethernet
A LAN specification developed jointly by Xerox, Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation. Ethernet networks
use CSMA/CD to transmit packets at a rate of 10 Mbps over a variety of cables.
Ethernet Address
See MAC address.
Fast Ethernet
An Ethernet system that is designed to operate at 100 Mbps.
Firewall
Electronic protection that prevents anyone outside of your network from seeing your files or damaging your
computers.
Full Duplex
A system that allows packets to be transmitted and received at the same time and, in effect, doubles the po-
tential throughput of a link.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. This American organization was founded in 1963 and sets
standards for computers and communications.
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IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force. An organization responsible for providing engineering solutions for TCP/IP
networks. In the network management area, this group is responsible for the development of the SNMP pro-
tocol.
IGMP
The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is an Internet protocol that provides a way for an Internet
computer to report its multicast group membership to adjacent routers. Multicasting allows one computer on
the Internet to send content to multiple other computers that have identified themselves as interested in re-
ceiving the originating computer's content. Multicasting can be used for such applications as updating the
address books of mobile computer users in the field, sending out company newsletters to a distribution list,
and
"broadcasting" high-bandwidth programs of streaming media to an audience that has "tuned in" by setting up
a multicast group membership.
Infrastructure mode
Infrastructure mode is the wireless configuration supported by the Router. You will need to ensure all of your
clients are set up to use infrastructure mode in order for them to communicate with the Access Point built into
your Router. (see also Ad Hoc mode)
IP
Internet Protocol. IP is a layer 3 network protocol that is the standard for sending data through a network. IP
is part of the TCP/IP set of protocols that describe the routing of packets to addressed devices. An IP ad-
dress consists of 32 bits divided into two or three fields: a network number and a host number or a network
number, a subnet number, and a host number.
IP Address
Internet Protocol Address. A unique identifier for a device attached to a network using TCP/IP. The address
is written as four octets separated with periods (full-stops), and is made up of a network section, an optional
subnet section and a host section.
ISP
Internet Service Provider. An ISP is a business that provides connectivity to the Internet for individuals and
other businesses or organizations.
LAN
Local Area Network. A network of end stations (such as PCs, printers, servers) and network devices (hubs
and switches) that cover a relatively small geographic area (usually not larger than a floor or building). LANs
are characterized by high transmission speeds over short distances (up to 1000 metres).
MAC
Media Access Control. A protocol specified by the IEEE for determining which devices have access to a
network at any one time.
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MAC Address
Media Access Control Address. Also called the hardware or physical address. A layer 2 address associated
with a particular network device. Most devices that connect to a LAN have a MAC address assigned to them
as they are used to identify other devices in a network. MAC addresses are 6 bytes long.
Mbps
Megabits per second.
MDI/MDIX
In cable wiring, the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the PC, which is wired as a
Media Dependant Interface (MDI). In MDI wiring, a PC transmits on pins 1 and 2. At the hub, switch, router,
or access point, the perspective is reversed, and the hub receives on pins 1 and 2. This wiring is referred to
as Media Dependant Interface - Crossover (MDI-X).
NAT
Network Address Translation. NAT enables all the computers on your network to share one IP address. The
NAT capability of the Router allows you to access the Internet from any computer on your home network
without having to purchase more IP addresses from your ISP.
Network
A Network is a collection of computers and other computer equipment that are connected for the purpose of
exchanging information or sharing resources. Networks vary in size, some are within a single room, others
span continents.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
A circuit board installed into a piece of computing equipment, for example, a computer, that enables you to
connect it to the network. A NIC is also known as an adapter or adapter card.
Protocol
A set of rules for communication between devices on a network. The rules dictate format, timing, sequencing
and error control.
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network.
PPPoA
Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM. PPP over ATM is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet
over an always-on connection by simulating a dial-up connection.
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PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. Point-to-Point Protocol is a method of data transmission originally cre-
ated for dial-up connections; PPPoE is for Ethernet connections.
RJ-45
A standard connector used to connect Ethernet networks. The “RJ” stands for “registered jack”.
Router
A device that acts as a central hub by connecting to each computer's network interface card and managing
the data traffic between the local network and the Internet.
Server
A computer in a network that is shared by multiple end stations. Servers provide end stations with access to
shared network services such as computer files and printer queues.
SSID
Service Set Identifier. Some vendors of wireless products use SSID interchangeably with ESSID.
Subnet Address
An extension of the IP addressing scheme that allows a site to use a single IP network address for multiple
physical networks.
Subnet mask
A subnet mask, which may be a part of the TCP/IP information provided by your ISP, is a set of four numbers
configured like an IP address. It is used to create IP address numbers used only within a particular network
(as opposed to valid IP address numbers recognized by the Internet, which must assigned by InterNIC).
Subnets
A network that is a component of a larger network.
Switch
A device that interconnects several LANs to form a single logical LAN that comprises of several LAN seg-
ments. Switches are similar to bridges, in that they connect LANs of a different type; however they connect
more LANs than a bridge and are generally more sophisticated.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. This is the name for two of the most well-known protocols
developed for the interconnection of networks. Originally a UNIX standard, TCP/IP is now supported on al-
most all platforms, and is the protocol of the Internet.
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TCP
It relates to the content of the data travelling through a network — ensuring that the information sent arrives
in one piece when it reaches its destination. IP relates to the address of the end station to which data is be-
ing sent, as well as the address of the destination network.
Traffic
The movement of data packets on a network.
Universal plug and play
Universal plug and play is a system which allows compatible applications to read some of their settings from
the Router. This allows them to automatically configure some, or all, of their settings and need less user con-
figuration.
URL Filter
A URL Filter is a feature of a firewall that allows it to stop its clients form browsing inappropriate Web sites.
UTP
Unshielded twisted pair is the cable used by 10BASE-T and 100BASE-Tx Ethernet networks.
VCI
VCI - Virtual Channel Identifier. The identifier in the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell header that
identifies to which virtual channel the cell belongs.
VPI
VPI - Virtual Path Identifier. The field in the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell header that identifies to
which VP (Virtual Path) the cell belongs.
WAN
Wide Area Network. A network that connects computers located in geographically separate areas (for exam-
ple, different buildings, cities, or countries). The Internet is an example of a wide area network.
WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy. A shared key encryption mechanism for wireless networking. Encryption strength
is 40/64 bit or 128 bit.
Wi-Fi
Wireless Fidelity. This is the certification granted by WECA to products that meet their inter operability crite-
ria. (see also 802.11b, WECA)

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