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Port Triggering
Port triggering is a dynamic extension of port forwarding that is useful in these cases:
•
An application must use port forwarding to more than one local computer (but not simultaneously).
•
An application must open incoming ports that are different from the outgoing port.
With port triggering, the router monitors traffic to the Internet from an outbound “trigger” port that you specify. For
outbound traffic from that port, the router saves the IP address of the computer that sent the traffic. The router
temporarily opens the incoming port or ports that you specify in your rule and forwards that incoming traffic to that
destination.
Port forwarding creates a static mapping of a port number or range of ports to a single local computer. Port triggering
can dynamically open ports to any computer when needed and close the ports when they are no longer needed.
If you use applications such as multiplayer gaming, peer-to-peer connections, real-time
communications such as instant messaging, or remote assistance (a feature in Windows XP),
enable Universal Plug and Play (UPnP). See
Improve Network Connections With Universal Plug
and Play
on page 104.
Note
Add a Port Triggering Service
To add a port triggering service:
1.
Launch a web browser from a computer or WiFi device that is connected to the network.
2.
Enter
.
A login window opens.
3.
Enter the router user name and password.
The user name is
admin
.The default password is
password
.The user name and password are case-sensitive.
The BASIC Home page displays.
4.
Select
ADVANCED > Advanced Setup > Port Forwarding/Port Triggering.
The Port Forwarding/Port Triggering page displays.
5.
Select the
Port Triggering
radio button.
Customize Internet Traffic Rules for Ports
176
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6.
Click the
Add Service
button.
7.
In the
Service Name
field, type a descriptive service name.
8.
From the
Service User
menu, select a user option:
•
Any
(the default) allows any computer on the Internet to use this service.
•
Single address
restricts the service to a particular computer.
9.
From the
Service Type
menu, select
TCP
or
UDP
or
TCP/UDP
(both).
If you are not sure, select
TCP/UDP
.
10.
In the
Triggering Port
field, enter the number of the outbound traffic port that will open the inbound ports.
11.
In the
Connection Type
,
Starting Port
, and
Ending Port
fields, enter the inbound connection information.
12.
Click the
Apply
button.
The service is now in the Portmap Table.You must enable port triggering before the router uses port triggering.
See
Enable Port Triggering
on page 178.
Customize Internet Traffic Rules for Ports
177
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Enable Port Triggering
To enable port triggering:
1.
Launch a web browser from a computer or WiFi device that is connected to the network.
2.
Enter
.
A login window opens.
3.
Enter the router user name and password.
The user name is
admin
.The default password is
password
.The user name and password are case-sensitive.
The BASIC Home page displays.
4.
Select
ADVANCED > Advanced Setup > Port Forwarding/Port Triggering
.
The Port Forwarding/Port Triggering page displays.
5.
Select the
Port Triggering
radio button.
6.
Clear the
Disable Port Triggering
check box.
If this check box is selected, the router does not use port triggering even if you specified port triggering settings.
7.
In the
Port Triggering Timeout
field, enter a value up to 9999 minutes.
This value controls how long the inbound ports stay open when the router detects no activity. This value is
required because the router cannot detect when the application terminates.
8.
Click the
Apply
button.
Your settings are saved.
Application Example: Port Triggering for Internet Relay Chat
Some application servers, such as FTP and IRC servers, send replies to multiple port numbers. Using port triggering,
you can tell the router to open more incoming ports when a particular outgoing port starts a session.
Customize Internet Traffic Rules for Ports
178
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An example is Internet Relay Chat (IRC).Your computer connects to an IRC server at destination port 6667. The
IRC server not only responds to your originating source port but also sends an “identify” message to your computer
on port 113. Using port triggering, you can tell the router, “When you initiate a session with destination port 6667,
you must also allow incoming traffic on port 113 to reach the originating computer.” The following sequence shows
the effects of this port triggering rule:
1.
You open an IRC client program to start a chat session on your computer.
2.
Your IRC client composes a request message to an IRC server using a destination port number of 6667, the
standard port number for an IRC server process.Your computer then sends this request message to your router.
3.
Your router creates an entry in its internal session table describing this communication session between your
computer and the IRC server.Your router stores the original information, performs Network Address Translation
(NAT) on the source address and port, and sends this request message through the Internet to the IRC server.
4.
Noting your port triggering rule and observing the destination port number of 6667, your router creates another
session entry to send any incoming port 113 traffic to your computer.
5.
The IRC server sends a return message to your router using the NAT-assigned source port (for example, port
33333) as the destination port and sends an “identify” message to your router with destination port 113.
6.
When your router receives the incoming message to destination port 33333, it checks its session table to see
if a session is active for port number 33333. Finding an active session, the router restores the original address
information replaced by NAT and sends this reply message to your computer.
7.
When your router receives the incoming message to destination port 113, it checks its session table and finds
an active session for port 113 associated with your computer. The router replaces the message’s destination
IP address with your computer’s IP address and forwards the message to your computer.
8.
When you finish your chat session, your router eventually senses a period of inactivity in the communications.
The router then removes the session information from its session table and incoming traffic is no longer accepted
on port numbers 33333 or 113.
Customize Internet Traffic Rules for Ports
179
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15
Troubleshooting
This chapter provides information to help you diagnose and solve problems you might experience with your router. If
you do not find the solution here, check the NETGEAR support site at
for product and contact
information.
The chapter contains the following sections:
•
Quick Tips
on page 181
•
Troubleshoot With the LEDs
on page 181
•
Cannot Log In to the Router
on page 183
•
Cannot Access the Internet
on page 183
•
Changes Not Saved
on page 187
•
WiFi Connectivity
on page 187
•
Troubleshoot Your Network Using the Ping Utility
on page 187
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