NETGEAR FSM7328 Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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User Manual for the NETGEAR 7300S Series Layer 3 Managed Switch Software

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Full-duplex

A system that allows packets to be transmitted and received at the same time and, in effect, doubles the

potential throughput of a link.

GARP

See “Generic Attribute Registration Protocol” on page 8.

GARP Information Propagation

GIP is the propagation of information between GARP participants for the same application in a bridge is

carried out by a GIP component.

GARP Multicast Registration Protocol

GMRP provides a mechanism that allows Bridges and end stations to dynamically register (and

subsequently, de-register) Group membership information with the MAC Bridges attached to the same LAN

segment, and for that information to be disseminated across all Bridges in the Bridged LAN that support

Extended Filtering Services. The operation of GMRP relies upon the services provided by the GARP.

GARP VLAN Registration Protocol

GVRP allows workstations to request admission to a particular VLAN for multicast purposes.

Gateway

A local device, usually a router, that connects hosts on a local network to other networks.

See “Gigabit Ethernet” on page 8.

Generic Attribute Registration Protocol

GARP provides a generic attribute dissemination capability that is used by participants in GARP

Applications (called GARP Participants) to register and de-register attribute values with other GARP

Participants within a Bridged LAN. The definition of the attribute types, the values that they can carry, and

the semantics that are associated with those values when registered are specific to the operation of the GARP

Application concerned.

Gigabit Ethernet

An Ethernet system that is designed to operate at 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps).

GIP

See “GARP Information Propagation” on page 8.

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User Manual for the NETGEAR 7300S Series Layer 3 Managed Switch Software

Glossary

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GMRP

See “GARP Multicast Registration Protocol” on page 8.

GVD

GARP VLAN Database.

GVRP

See “GARP VLAN Registration Protocol” on page 8.

Half-duplex

A system that allows packets to transmitted and received, but not at the same time. Contrast with

full-duplex.

hop count

The number of routers that a data packet passes through on its way to its destination.

ICMP

See “Internet Control Message Protocol” on page 10.

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. This American organization was founded in 1963 and sets

standards for computers and communications.

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force. An organization responsible for providing engineering solutions for TCP/

IP networks. In the network management area, this group is responsible for the development of the SNMP

protocol.

IGMP

See “Internet Group Management Protocol” on page 10.

IGMP Snooping

A series of operations performed by intermediate systems to add logic to the network to optimize the flow of

multicast traffic; these intermediate systems (such as Layer 2 switches) listen for IGMP messages and build

mapping tables and associated forwarding filters, in addition to reducing the IGMP protocol traffic. See

“Internet Group Management Protocol” on page 10 for more information.

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Internet Control Message Protocol

ICMP is an extension to the Internet Protocol (IP) that supports packets containing error, control, and

informational messages. The PING command, for example, uses ICMP to test an Internet connection.

Internet Group Management Protocol

IGMP is the standard for IP Multicasting on the Internet. IGMP is used to establish host memberships in

particular multicast groups on a single network. The mechanisms of the protocol allow a host to inform its

local router, using Host Membership Reports, that it wants to receive messages addressed to a specific

multicast group. All hosts conforming to Level 2 of the IP Multicasting specification require IGMP.

See “Internet Protocol” on page 10.

IP Multicasting

Sending out data to distributed servers on the MBone (Multicast Backbone). For large amounts of data, IP

Multicast is more efficient than normal Internet transmissions because the server can broadcast a message to

many recipients simultaneously. Unlike traditional Internet traffic that requires separate connections for each

source-destination pair, IP Multicasting allows many recipients to share the same source. This means that

just one set of packets is transmitted for all the destinations.

Internet Protocol

The method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. Each computer

(known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it among all other

computers on the Internet. When you send or receive data (for example, an e-mail note or a Web page), the

message gets divided into little chunks called packets. Each of these packets contains both the sender's

Internet address and the receiver's address. Any packet is sent first to a gateway computer that understands a

small part of the Internet. The gateway computer reads the destination address and forwards the packet to an

adjacent gateway that in turn reads the destination address and so forth across the Internet until one gateway

recognizes the packet as belonging to a computer within its immediate neighborhood or domain. That

gateway then forwards the packet directly to the computer whose address is specified.

Because a message is divided into a number of packets, each packet can, if necessary, be sent by a different

route across the Internet. Packets can arrive in a different order than they were sent. The Internet Protocol

just delivers them. It's up to another protocol, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to put them back in

the right order. IP is a connectionless protocol, which means that there is no continuing connection between

the end points that are communicating. Each packet that travels through the Internet is treated as an

independent unit of data without any relation to any other unit of data. (The reason the packets do get put in

the right order is because of TCP, the connection-oriented protocol that keeps track of the packet sequence in

a message.) In the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) communication model, IP is in Layer 3, the

Networking Layer. The most widely used version of IP today is IP version 4 (IPv4). However, IP version 6

(IPv6) is also beginning to be supported. IPv6 provides for much longer addresses and therefore for the

possibility of many more Internet users. IPv6 includes the capabilities of IPv4 and any server that can

support IPv6 packets can also support IPv4 packets.

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User Manual for the NETGEAR 7300S Series Layer 3 Managed Switch Software

Glossary

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LAN

See “Local Area Network” on page 11.

LDAP

See “Lightweight Directory Access Protocol” on page 11.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

A set of protocols for accessing information directories. LDAP is based on the standards contained within

the X.500 standard, but is significantly simpler. Unlike X.500, LDAP supports TCP/IP, which is necessary

for any type of Internet access. Although not yet widely implemented, LDAP should eventually make it

possible for almost any application running on virtually any computer platform to obtain directory

information, such as e-mail addresses and public keys. Because LDAP is an open protocol, applications

need not worry about the type of server hosting the directory.

Learning

The bridge examines the Layer 2 source addresses of every frame on the attached networks (called listening)

and then maintains a table, or cache, of which MAC addresses are attached to each of its ports.

Link-State

In routing protocols, the declared information about the available interfaces and available neighbors of a

router or network. The protocol's topological database is formed from the collected link-state declarations.

Load balancing

The ability to distribute traffic across various ports of a device, such as a switch, to provide efficient,

optimized traffic throughout the network.

Local Area Network

A communications network serving users within a limited area, such as one floor of a building. A LAN

typically connects multiple personal computers and shared network devices such as storage and printers.

Although many technologies exist to implement a LAN, Ethernet is the most common for connecting

personal computers and is limited to a distance of 1,500 feet. LANs can be connected together, but if

modems and telephones connect two or more LANs, the larger network constitutes what is called a WAN or

Wide Area Network.

Loop

An event that occurs when two network devices are connected by more than one path, thereby causing

packets to repeatedly cycle around the network and not reach their destination.

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MAC

(1) Medium Access Control. In LANs, the sublayer of the data link control layer that supports

medium-dependent functions and uses the services of the physical layer to provide services to the logical

link control (LLC) sublayer. The MAC sublayer includes the method of determining when a device has

access to the transmission medium. (2) Message Authentication Code. In computer security, a value that is a

part of a message or accompanies a message and is used to determine that the contents, origin, author, or

other attributes of all or part of the message are as they appear to be. (

IBM Glossary of Computing Terms

)

MAC address

The Media Access Control address is a unique 48-bit hardware address assigned to every network interface

card. Usually written in the form 01:23:45:67:89:ab.

Management Information Base

When SNMP devices send SNMP messages to the management console (the device managing SNMP

messages), it stores information in the MIB.

Mbps

Megabits per second.

MBONE

See “Multicast Backbone” on page 13.

MD5

MD5 creates digital signatures using a one-way hash function, meaning that it takes a message and converts

it into a fixed string of digits, also called a message digest.

When using a one-way hash function, one can compare a calculated message digest against the message

digest that is decrypted with a public key to verify that the message hasn't been tampered with. This

comparison is called a "hashcheck."

MDI/MDIX

In cable wiring, the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the PC, which is wired as a

Media Dependant Interface (MDI). In MDI wiring, a PC transmits on pins 1 and 2. At the hub, switch,

router, or access point, the perspective is reversed, and the hub receives on pins 1 and 2. This wiring is

referred to as Media Dependant Interface - Crossover (MDI-X). See “Auto-negotiation” on page 3.

MIB

See “Management Information Base” on page 12.

MOSPF

See “Multicast OSPF” on page 13.

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