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Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
B-15
Note:
The available channels supported by the wireless products in various countries are different.
The preferred channel separation between the channels in neighboring wireless networks is 25
MHz (5 channels). This means that you can apply up to three different channels within your
wireless network. There are only 11 usable wireless channels in the United States. It is
recommended that you start using channel 1 and grow to use channel 6, and 11 when necessary, as
these three channels do not overlap.
Ethernet Cabling
Although Ethernet networks originally used thick or thin coaxial cable, most installations currently
use unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cabling. The UTP cable contains eight conductors, arranged in
four twisted pairs, and terminated with an RJ45 type connector. A normal "straight-through" UTP
Ethernet cable follows the EIA568B standard wiring as described in
Table B-4
.
Table B-4.
UTP Ethernet cable wiring, straight-through
Pin
Wire color
Signal
1
Orange/White
Transmit (Tx) +
2
Orange
Transmit (Tx) -
3
Green/White
Receive (Rx) +
4
Blue
5
Blue/White
6
Green
Receive (Rx) -
7
Brown/White
8
Brown
Page 142 / 149
ReferenceManualfortheModelFR114P,FR114WandFM114PCable/DSLProSafe FirewallFamily
B-16
Networks, Routing, and Firewall Basics
Uplink Switches and Crossover Cables
In the wiring table, the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the PC. For
example, the PC transmits on pins 1 and 2. At the hub, the perspective is reversed, and the hub
receives on pins 1 and 2. When connecting a PC to a PC, or a hub port to another hub port, the
transmit pair must be exchanged with the receive pair. This exchange is done by one of two
mechanisms. Most hubs provide an Uplink switch which will exchange the pairs on one port,
allowing that port to be connected to another hub using a normal Ethernet cable. The second
method is to use a crossover cable, which is a special cable in which the transmit and receive pairs
are exchanged at one of the two cable connectors. Crossover cables are often unmarked as such,
and must be identified by comparing the two connectors. Since the cable connectors are clear
plastic, it is easy to place them side by side and view the order of the wire colors on each. On a
straight-through cable, the color order will be the same on both connectors. On a crossover cable,
the orange and blue pairs will be exchanged from one connector to the other.
Cable Quality
A twisted pair Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits/second (10BASE-T) will often tolerate low
quality cables, but at 100 Mbits/second (10BASE-Tx) the cable must be rated as Category 5, or
"Cat 5", by the Electronic Industry Association (EIA). This rating will be printed on the cable
jacket. A Category 5 cable will meet specified requirements regarding loss and crosstalk. In
addition, there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits/second
networks.
Page 143 / 149
Glossary
1
Glossary
10BASE-T
IEEE 802.3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring.
100BASE-Tx
IEEE 802.3 specification for 100 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring.
802.11b
IEEE specification for wireless networking at 11 Mbps using direct-sequence
spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and operating in the unlicensed radio
spectrum at 2.5GHz.
Denial of Service
attack
DoS. A hacker attack designed to prevent your computer or network from
operating or communicating.
DHCP
See
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
DNS
See
Domain Name Server.
domain name
A descriptive name for an address or group of addresses on the Internet.
Domain names are of the form of a registered entity name plus one of a
number of predefined top level suffixes such as .com, .edu, .uk, etc. For
example, in the address mail.NETGEAR.com, mail is a server name and
NETGEAR.com is the domain.
Domain Name Server
A Domain Name Server (DNS) resolves descriptive names of network
resources (such as www.NETGEAR.com) to numeric IP addresses.
Dynamic Host
Configuration
Protocol
DHCP. An Ethernet protocol specifying how a centralized DHCP server can
assign network configuration information to multiple DHCP clients. The
assigned information includes IP addresses, DNS addresses, and gateway
(router) addresses.
ESSID
The Extended Service Set Identification (ESS ID) is a thirty-two character
(maximum) alphanumeric key identifying the wireless local area network.
Gateway
A local device, usually a router, that connects hosts on a local network to other
networks.
Page 144 / 149
ReferenceManualfortheModelFR114P,FR114WandFM114PCable/DSLProSafe FirewallFamily
2
Glossary
IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force. An open international community of
network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the
evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet.
Working groups of the IETF propose standard protocols and procedures for
the Internet, which are published as RFCs (Request for Comment) at
www.ietf.org.
IKE
Internet Key Exchange. An automated method for exchanging and managing
encryption keys between two VPN devices.
IP
Internet Protocol. The main internetworking protocol used in the Internet.
Used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol (TCP) to form TCP/IP.
IP Address
A four-byte number uniquely defining each host on the Internet. Ranges of
addresses are assigned by Internic, an organization formed for this purpose.
Usually written in dotted-decimal notation with periods separating the bytes
(for example, 134.177.244.57).
IPSec
Internet Protocol Security. IPSec is a series of guidelines for securing private
information transmitted over public networks. IPSec is a VPN method
providing a higher level of security than PPTP.
ISP
Internet service provider.
LAN
See
local area network.
local area network
LAN. A communications network serving users within a limited area, such as
one floor of a building. A LAN typically connects multiple personal
computers and shared network devices such as storage and printers. Although
many technologies exist to implement a LAN, Ethernet is the most common
for connecting personal computers.
MAC address
Media Access Control address. A unique 48-bit hardware address assigned to
every Ethernet node. Usually written in the form 01:23:45:67:89:ab.
Mbps
Megabits per second.
MSB
See
Most Significant Bit or Most Significant Byte.
MRU
See
Maximum Receive Unit.
Maximum Receive
Unit
The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received.
Most Significant Bit or
Most Significant Byte
The portion of a number, address, or field that is farthest left when written as a
single number in conventional hexadecimal ordinary notation. The part of the
number having the most value.
Page 145 / 149
Reference Manual for the Model FR114P, FR114W and FM114P Cable/DSL ProSafe Firewall
Glossary
3
NAT
See
Network Address Translation.
netmask
A number that explains which part of an IP address comprises the network
address and which part is the host address on that network. It can be
expressed in dotted-decimal notation or as a number appended to the IP
address. For example, a 28-bit mask starting from the MSB can be shown as
255.255.255.192 or as /28 appended to the IP address.
Network Address
Translation
A technique by which several hosts share a single IP address for access to the
Internet.
packet
A block of information sent over a network. A packet typically contains a
source and destination network address, some protocol and length
information, a block of data, and a checksum.
PPP
See
Point-to-Point Protocol.
PPP over Ethernet
PPPoE. PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the
Internet over an always-on connection by simulating a dial-up connection.
PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol. A method for establishing a virtual private
network (VPN) by embedding Microsoft’s network protocol into Internet
packets.
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network.
Point-to-Point
Protocol
PPP. A protocol allowing a computer using TCP/IP to connect directly to the
Internet.
RFC
Request For Comment. Refers to documents published by the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) proposing standard protocols and procedures
for the Internet. RFCs can be found at www.ietf.org.
RIP
See
Routing Information Protocol.
router
A device that forwards data between networks. An IP router forwards data
based on IP source and destination addresses.
Routing Information
Protocol
A protocol in which routers periodically exchange information with one
another so that they can determine minimum distance paths between sources
and destinations.
SSID
Service Set Identification. A thirty-two character (maximum) alphanumeric
key identifying the wireless local area network. For the wireless devices in a
network to communicate with each other, all devices must be configured with
the same SSID.

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