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Page 116 / 162 Scroll up to view Page 111 - 115
Advanced Settings
116
D6200 WiFi DSL Modem Router
•
Destination address
. The public IP address of your WiFi DSL modem router.
•
Destination port number
. 33333.
5.
Upon receiving the incoming message, your WiFi DSL modem router checks its session
table to determine whether an active session for port number 33333 exists. Finding an active
session, the WiFi DSL modem router then modifies the message to restore the original
address information replaced by NAT. Your WiFi DSL modem router sends this reply
message to your computer, which displays the web page from www.example.com. The
message now contains the following address and port information:
•
Source address
. The IP address of www.example.com.
•
Source port number
. 80, which is the standard port number for a web server
process.
•
Destination address
. Your computer’s IP address.
•
Destination port number
. 5678, which is the browser session that made the initial
request.
6.
When you finish your browser session, your WiFi DSL modem router eventually detects a
period of inactivity in the communications. Your WiFi DSL modem router then removes the
session information from its session table, and incoming traffic is no longer accepted on port
number 33333.
Port Triggering to Open Incoming Ports
In the preceding example, requests are sent to a remote computer by your WiFi DSL modem
router from a particular service port number, and replies from the remote computer to your
WiFi DSL modem router are directed to that port number. If the remote server sends a reply
to a different port number, your WiFi DSL modem router does not recognize it and discards it.
However, some application servers (such as FTP and IRC servers) send replies to multiple
port numbers. Using the port triggering function of your WiFi DSL modem router, you can tell
the WiFi DSL modem router to open more incoming ports when a particular outgoing port
originates a session.
An example is Internet Relay Chat (IRC). Your computer connects to an IRC server at
destination port 6667. The IRC server not only responds to your originating source port, but
also sends an “identify” message to your computer on port 113. Using port triggering, you can
tell the WiFi DSL modem router, “When you initiate a session with destination port 6667, you
have to also allow incoming traffic on port 113 to reach the originating computer.” Using steps
similar to the preceding example, the following sequence shows the effects of the port
triggering rule you have defined:
1.
You open an IRC client program to start a chat session on your computer.
2.
Your IRC client composes a request message to an IRC server using a destination port
number of 6667, the standard port number for an IRC server process. Your computer then
sends this request message to your WiFi DSL modem router.
3.
Your WiFi DSL modem router creates an entry in its internal session table describing this
communication session between your computer and the IRC server. Your WiFi DSL modem
router stores the original information, performs Network Address Translation (NAT) on the
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Advanced Settings
117
D6200 WiFi DSL Modem Router
source address and port, and sends this request message through the Internet to the IRC
server.
4.
Noting your port triggering rule and having observed the destination port number of 6667,
your WiFi DSL modem router creates an additional session entry to send any incoming port
113 traffic to your computer.
5.
The IRC server sends a return message to your WiFi DSL modem router using the
NAT-assigned source port (as in the previous example, say port 33333) as the destination
port. The IRC server also sends an identify message to your WiFi DSL modem router with
destination port 113.
6.
Upon receiving the incoming message to destination port 33333, your WiFi DSL modem
router checks its session table to determine whether an active session for port number
33333 exists. Finding an active session, the WiFi DSL modem router restores the original
address information replaced by NAT and sends this reply message to your computer.
7.
Upon receiving the incoming message to destination port 113, your WiFi DSL modem
router checks its session table and learns that an active session exists for port 113
associated with your computer. The WiFi DSL modem router replaces the message’s
destination IP address with your computer’s IP address and forwards the message to your
computer.
8.
When you finish your chat session, your WiFi DSL modem router eventually senses a
period of inactivity in the communications. The WiFi DSL modem router then removes the
session information from its session table, and incoming traffic is no longer accepted on port
numbers 33333 or 113.
To configure port triggering, you need to know which inbound ports the application needs.
Also, you need to know the number of the outbound port that triggers the opening of the
inbound ports. You can usually determine this information by contacting the publisher of the
application or user groups or newsgroups.
Note:
Only one computer at a time can use the triggered application.
Port Forwarding to Permit External Host Communications
In both of the preceding examples, your computer initiates an application session with a
server computer on the Internet. However, you might need to allow a client computer on the
Internet to initiate a connection to a server computer on your network. Normally, your WiFi
DSL modem router ignores any inbound traffic that is not a response to your own outbound
traffic. You can configure exceptions to this default rule by using the port forwarding feature.
A typical application of port forwarding can be shown by reversing the client-server
relationship from the previous web server example. In this case, a remote computer’s
browser needs to access a web server running on a computer in your local network. Using
port forwarding, you can tell the WiFi DSL modem router, “When you receive incoming traffic
on port 80 (the standard port number for a web server process), forward it to the local
computer at 192.168.1.123.” The following sequence shows the effects of the port forwarding
rule you have defined:
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Advanced Settings
118
D6200 WiFi DSL Modem Router
1.
The user of a remote computer opens a browser and requests a web page from
www.example.com, which resolves to the public IP address of your WiFi DSL modem
router. The remote computer composes a web page request message with the following
destination information:
•
Destination address
. The IP address of www.example.com, which is the address of
your WiFi DSL modem router.
•
Destination port number
. 80, which is the standard port number for a web server
process.
The remote computer then sends this request message through the Internet to your WiFi
DSL modem router.
2.
Your WiFi DSL modem router receives the request message and looks in its rules table for
any rules covering the disposition of incoming port 80 traffic. Your port forwarding rule
specifies that incoming port 80 traffic should be forwarded to local IP address 192.168.1.123.
Therefore, your WiFi DSL modem router modifies the destination information in the request
message:
The destination address is replaced with 192.168.1.123.
Your WiFi DSL modem router then sends this request message to your local network.
3.
Your web server at 192.168.1.123 receives the request and composes a return message
with the requested web page data. Your web server then sends this reply message to your
WiFi DSL modem router.
4.
Your WiFi DSL modem router performs Network Address Translation (NAT) on the source
IP address, and sends this request message through the Internet to the remote computer,
which displays the web page from www.example.com.
To configure port forwarding, you need to know which inbound ports the application needs.
Usually you can determine this information by contacting the publisher of the application or
the relevant user groups and newsgroups.
How Port Forwarding Differs from Port Triggering
The following points summarize the differences between port forwarding and port triggering:
•
Port triggering can be used by any computer on your network, although only one
computer can use it at a time.
•
Port forwarding is configured for a single computer on your network.
•
Port triggering does not require that you know the computer’s IP address in advance. The
IP address is captured automatically.
•
Port forwarding requires that you specify the computer’s IP address during configuration,
and the IP address can never change.
•
Port triggering requires specific outbound traffic to open the inbound ports, and the
triggered ports are closed after a period of no activity.
•
Port forwarding is always active and does not need to be triggered.
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Advanced Settings
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D6200 WiFi DSL Modem Router
Set Up Port Forwarding to Local Servers
Using the port forwarding feature, you can allow certain types of incoming traffic to reach
servers on your local network. For example, you might want to make a local web server, FTP
server, or game server visible and available to the Internet.
Use the Port Forwarding/Port Triggering screen to configure the WiFi DSL modem router to
forward specific incoming protocols to computers on your local network. In addition to servers
for specific applications, you can also specify a default DMZ server to which all other
incoming protocols are forwarded.
Before starting, you need to determine which type of service, application, or game you want
to provide, and the local IP address of the computer that provides the service. The server
computer has to always have the same IP address.
Tip:
To ensure that your server computer always has the same IP address,
use the reserved IP address feature of your WiFi DSL modem router.
To set up port forwarding:
1.
Select
ADVANCED > Advanced Setup > Port Forwarding/Port Triggering
.
Port Forwarding is selected as the service type.
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Advanced Settings
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D6200 WiFi DSL Modem Router
2.
Click
Add
.
3.
From the Service list, select the service or game that you host on your network.
If the service does not appear in the list, see
Add a Custom Service
on page 120.
4.
From the Action list, select the action that you want.
5.
In the Send to LAN Server field, enter the last digit of the IP address of your local computer
that provides this service.
6.
Click
Apply
.
The service appears in the list in the screen.
Add a Custom Service
To define a service, game, or application that does not appear in the Service Name list, you
have to first determine which port number or range of numbers is used by the application.
You can usually determine this information by contacting the publisher of the application or
user groups or newsgroups.
To add a custom service:
1.
Select
ADVANCED > Advanced Setup > Port Forwarding/Port Triggering
.
2.
Select
Port Forwarding
as the service type.

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