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Page 101 / 112 Scroll up to view Page 96 - 100
YML754 Rev1
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101
domai° °ame
A domain name is a user-friendly name used in place of
its associated IP address. For example, www.globespan.
net is the domain name associated with IP address
209.191.4.240. Domain names must be unique; their
assignment is controlled by the Internet Corporation for
Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Domain names
are a key element of URLs, which identify a specific file at
See also DNS.
download
To transfer data in the downstream direction, i.e., from
the Internet to the user.
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line A technology that allows both dig-
ital data and analog voice signals to travel over existing
copper telephone lines.
Ether°et
The most commonly installed computer network technol-
ogy, usually using twisted pair wiring. Ethernet data rates
are 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps. See also BASE-T,100BASE-T,
twisted pair.
Filtering
To screen out selected types of data, based on filtering
rules. Filtering can be applied in one direction (upstream
or downstream), or in both directions.
filteri°± rule
A rule that specifies what kinds of data a routing device
will accept and/or reject. Filtering rules are defined to
operate on an interface (or multiple interfaces) and in a
particular direction (upstream, downstream, or both).
Firewall
Any method of protecting a computer or LAN connected
to the Internet from intrusion or attack from the outside.
Some firewall protection can be provided by packet filter
-
ing and Network Address Translation services.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol - A program used to transfer files
between computers connected to the Internet.
Common
uses include uploading new or updated files to a web
server, and downloading files from a web server.
GGP
Gateway to Gateway Protocol. An Internet protocol that
specifies how gateway routers communicate with each
other.
Gbps
Abbreviation for Gigabits (GIG-uh-bits) per second, or
one billion bits per second. Internet data rates are often
expressed in Gbps.
GRE
Generic Routing Encapsulation. TCP/IP protocol suite,
transport layer encapsulation protocol.
hop
When you send data through the Internet, it is sent first
from your computer to a router, and then from one router
to another until it finally reaches a router that is directly
connected to the recipient. Each individual “leg” of the
data’s journey is called a hop.
hop cou°t
The number of hops that data has taken on its route to its
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destination. Alternatively, the maximum number of hops
that a packet is allowed to take before being discarded ,
See also TTL.
host
A device (usually a computer) connected to a network.
HTTP
Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol HTTP is the main protocol
used to transfer data from web sites so that it can be
displayed by web browsers. See also web browser
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol An Internet protocol
used to report errors and other network-related informa-
tion. The ping command makes use of ICMP.
IGMP
Internet Group Management Protocol An Internet protocol
that enables a computer to share information about its
membership in multicast groups with adjacent routers.
A multicast group of computers is one whose members
have designated as interested in receiving specific con
-
tent from the others. Multicasting to an IGMP group can
be used to simultaneously update the address books of
a group of mobile computer users or to send company
newsletters to a distribution list.
i°-li°e filter
See Microfilter
Internet
The global collection of interconnected networks used for
both private and business communications.
intranet
A private, company-internal network that looks like part
of the Internet (users access information using web
browsers), but is accessible only by employees.
IP
See TCP/IP.
IP address
Internet Protocol address The address of a host (com-
puter) on the Internet, consisting of four numbers, each
from 0 to 255, separated by periods, e.g., 209.191.4.240.
An IP address consists of a network ID that identifies
the particular network the host belongs to, and a host
ID uniquely identifying the host itself on that network. A
network mask is used to define the network ID and the
host ID. Because IP addresses are difficult to remember,
they usually have an associated domain name that can be
specified instead. See also domain name, network mask.
ISP
Internet Service Provider A company that provides Inter-
net access to its customers, usually for a fee.
LAN
Local Area Network A network limited to a small geo-
graphic area, such as a home, office, or small building.
LED
Light Emitting Diode An electronic light-emitting device.
The indicator lights on the front of the My ADSL Modem
are LEDs.
MAC address
Media Access Control address The permanent hardware
address of a device, assigned by its manufacturer. MAC
addresses are expressed as six pairs of characters.
mask
: See network mask.
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YML754 Rev1
NB5Plus4/W User Guide
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10²
Mbps
Abbreviation for Megabits per second, or one million bits
per second. Network data rates are often expressed in
Mbps.
Microfilter
In splitterless deployments, a microfilter is a device that
removes the data frequencies in the DSL signal, so that
telephone users do not experience interference (noise)
from the data signals. Microfilter types include in-line (in
-
stalls between phone and jack) and wall-mount (tele-
phone jack with built-in microfilter). See also splitterless.
NAT
Network Address Translation A service performed by
many routers that translates your network’s publicly
known IP address into a Private IP address for each com-
puter on your LAN.
Only your router and your LAN know
these addresses; the outside world sees only the public IP
address when talking to a computer on your LAN.
NAT rule
A defined method for translating between public and pri
-
vate IP addresses on your LAN.
network
A group of computers that are connected together, al-
lowing them to communicate with each other and share
resources, such as software, files, etc.A network can be
small, such as a LAN, or very large, such as the Internet.
°etwork mask
A network mask is a sequence of bits applied to an IP
address to select the network ID while ignoring the host
ID. Bits set to 1 mean “select this bit” while bits set to 0
mean “ignore this bit.” For example, if the network mask
255.255.255.0 is applied to the IP address 100.10.50.1,
the network ID is 100.10.50, and the host ID is 1. See
also binary, IP address, subnet
NIC
Network Interface Card An adapter card that plugs into
your computer and provides the physical interface to your
network cabling, which for Ethernet NICs is typically an
RJ-45 connector. See Ethernet, RJ-45.
packet
Data transmitted on a network consists of units called
packets. Each packet contains a payload (the data), plus
overhead information such as where it came from (source
address) and where it should go (destination address).
pi°±
Packet Internet (or Inter-Network) Groper A program
used to verify whether the host associated with an IP
address is online. It can also be used to reveal the IP ad-
dress for a given domain name.
port
A physical access point to a device such as a computer
or router, through which data flows into and out of the
device.
POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service Traditional analog telephone
service using copper telephone lines. Pronounced pots.
See also PSTN.
POTS splitter
See splitter.
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PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol A protocol for serial data transmis-
sion that is used to carry IP (and other protocol) data
between your ISP and your computer. The WAN interface
on the My ADSL Modem uses two forms of PPP called PP-
PoA and PPPoE. See also PPPoA, PPPoE.
PPPoA
Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM One of the two types of
PPP interfaces you can define for a Virtual Circuit (VC),
the other type being PPPoE. You can define only one PP
-
PoA interface per VC.
PPPoE
Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet One of the two
types of PPP interfaces you can define for a Virtual Circuit
(VC),the other type being PPPoA. You can define one or
more PPPoE interfaces per VC.
protocol
A set of rules governing the transmission of data. In order
for a data transmission to work, both ends of the connec-
tion have to follow the rules of the protocol.
remote
In a physically separate location. For example, an
employee away on travel who logs in to the company’s
intranet is a remote user.
RIP
Routing Information Protocol The original TCP/IP routing
protocol. There are two versions of RIP: version and ver-
sion II.
RJ-11
Registered Jack Standard-11 The standard plug used to
connect telephones, fax machines, modems, etc. to a
telephone jack. It is a 6-pin connector usually containing
four wires.
RJ-45
Registered Jack Standard-45 The 8-pin plug used in
transmitting data over phone lines. Ethernet cabling usu-
ally uses this type of connector.
routi°±
Forwarding data between your network and the Internet
on the most efficient route, based on the data’s destina
-
tion IP address and current network conditions. A device
that performs routing is called a router.
rule
See filtering rule, NAT rule.
SDNS
Secondary Domain Name System (server) A DNS server
that can be used if the primary DSN server is not avail-
able. See DNS.
splitter
A device that splits off the voice component of the DSL
signal to a separate line, so that data and telephone
service each have their own wiring and jacks. The splitter
is installed by your telephone company where the DSL
line enters your home. The CO also contains splitters that
separate the voice and data signals, sending voice to the
PSTN and data on high-speed lines to the
Internet. See
also CO, PSTN, splitterless, microfilter.
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105
splitterless
A type of DSL installation where no splitter is installed,
saving the cost of a service call by the telephone compa-
ny. Instead, each jack in the home carries both voice and
data, requiring a microfilter for each telephone to prevent
interference from the data signal. ADSL is usually split-
terless; if you are unsure if your installation has a splitter,
ask your DSL provider. See also splitter, microfilter.
sub°et
A subnet is a portion of a network. The subnet is dis-
tinguished from the larger network by a subnet mask
which selects some of the computers of the network
and excludes all others. The subnet’s computers remain
physically connected to the rest of the parent network,
but they are treated as though they were on a separate
network. See also network mask.
sub°et mask
A mask that defines a subnet. See also network mask.
TCP
See TCP/IP.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol The basic
protocols used on the Internet. TCP is responsible for di-
viding data up into packets for delivery and reassembling
them at the destination, while IP is responsible for deliv-
ering the packets from source to destination. When TCP
and IP are bundled with higher-level applications such as
HTTP, FTP, Telnet, etc., TCP/IP refers to this whole suite of
protocols.
Tel°et
An interactive, character-based program used to access a
remote computer. While HTTP (the web protocol) and FTP
only allow you to download files from a remote computer,
Telnet allows you to log into and use a computer from a
remote location.
TFTP
Trivial File Transfer Protocol.
A protocol for file transfers,
TFTP is easier to use than File Transfer Protocol (FTP) but
not as capable or secure.
TTL
Time To Live A field in an IP packet that limits the life
span of that packet. Originally meant as a time duration,
the TTL is usually represented instead as a maximum hop
count; each router that receives a packet decrements this
field by one. When the TTL reaches zero, the packet is
discarded.
twisted pair
The ordinary copper telephone wiring long used by tel-
ephone companies. It contains one or more wire pairs
twisted together to reduce inductance and noise. Each
telephone line uses one pair. In homes, it is most often
installed with two pairs. For Ethernet LANs, a higher
grade called Category 3 (CAT 3) is used for 10BASE-
T networks, and an even higher grade called Category
5
(CAT 5) is used for 100BASE-T networks. See also
10BASE-T, 100BASE-T, Ethernet.
upstream
The direction of data transmission from the user to the

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