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NB4 User Guide
YML733Rev1
66
www.netcomm.com.au
Appendix C:
Glossary
Appendix C:
Glossary
Appendix C:
Glossary
Appendix C:
Glossary
Appendix C:
Glossary
10BASE-T
A designation for the type of wiring used by Ethernet networks
with a data rate of 10 Mbps. Also known as Category 3 (CAT 3)
wiring. See also data rate, Ethernet.
100BASE-T
A designation for the type of wiring used by Ethernet networks
with a data rate of 100 Mbps. Also known as Category 5 (CAT 5)
wiring. See also data rate, Ethernet.
ADSL
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line.
The most commonly
deployed flavor of DSL for home users. The term asymmetrical
refers to its unequal data rates for downloading and uploading
(the download rate is higher than the upload rate). The asym-
metrical rates benefit home users because they typically
download much more data from the Internet than they upload.
analog
Of data, having a form is analogous to the data's original
waveform. The voice component in DSL is an analog signal. See
also digital.
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode A standard for high-speed
transmission of data, text, voice, and video, widely used within
the Internet. ATM data rates range from 45 Mbps to 2.5 Gbps.
See also data rate.
authenticate
To verify a user’s identity, such as by prompting for a password.
binary
The "base two" system of numbers, that uses only two digits, 0
and 1, to represent all numbers. In binary, the number 1 is written
as 1, 2 as 10, 3 as 11, 4 as 100, etc. Although expressed as
decimal numbers for convenience, IP addresses in actual use are
binary numbers; e.g., the IP address 209.191.4.240 is
11010001.10111111.00000100.11110000 in binary. See also bit, IP
address, network mask.
bit
Short for "binary digit," a bit is a number that can have two
values, 0 or 1. See also binary.
bps
bits per second
bridging
Passing data from your network to your ISP and vice versa using
the hardware addresses of the devices at each location. Bridging
contrasts with routing, which can add more intelligence to data
transfers by using network addresses instead. The My ADSL
Modem can perform both routing and bridging. Typically, when
both functions are enabled, the device routes IP data and bridges
all other types of data. See also routing.
broadband
A telecommunications technology that can send different types
of data over the same medium. DSL is a broadband technology.
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Broadcast
To send data to all computers on a network.
CO
Central Office A circuit switch that terminates all the local access
lines in a particular geographic serving area; a physical building
where the local switching equipment is found. xDSL lines
running from a subscriber’s home connect at their serving central
office.
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCP automates
address assignment and management. When a computer
connects to the LAN, DHCP assigns it an IP address from a
shared pool of IP addresses; after a specified time limit, DHCP
returns the address to the pool.
DHCP relay
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol relay.
A DHCP relay is a
computer that forwards DHCP data between computers that
request IP addresses and the DHCP server that assigns the
addresses. Each of the My ADSL Modem's interfaces can be
configured as a DHCP relay. See DHCP.
DHCP server
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server. A DHCP server is a
computer that is responsible for assigning IP addresses to the
computers on a LAN. See DHCP.
digital
Of data, having a form based on discrete values expressed as
binary numbers (0's and 1's). The data component in DSL is a
digital signal. See also analog.
DNS
Domain Name System.
The DNS maps domain names into IP
addresses. DNS information is distributed hierarchically
throughout the Internet among computers called DNS servers.
When you start to access a web site, a DNS server looks up the
requested domain name to find its corresponding IP address. If
the DNS server cannot find the IP address, it communicates with
higher-level DNS servers to determine the IP address. See also
domain name.
domain name
A domain name is a user-friendly name used in place of its
associated IP address. For example, www.globespan.net is the
domain name associated with IP address 209.191.4.240. Domain
names must be unique; their assignment is controlled by the
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
(ICANN). Domain names are a key element of URLs, which
identify a specific file at a web site, e.g., http://
www.globespan.net/index.html. See also DNS.
download
To transfer data in the downstream direction, i.e., from the
Internet to the user.
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line A technology that allows both digital data
and analog voice signals to travel over existing copper telephone
lines.
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NB4 User Guide
YML733Rev1
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Ethernet
The most commonly installed computer network technology,
usually using twisted pair wiring. Ethernet data rates are 10 Mbps
and 100 Mbps. See also BASE-T,100BASE-T, twisted pair.
Filtering
To screen out selected types of data, based on filtering rules.
Filtering can be applied in one direction (upstream or down-
stream), or in both directions.
filtering rule
A rule that specifies what kinds of data a routing device will
accept and/or reject. Filtering rules are defined to operate on an
interface (or multiple interfaces) and in a particular direction
(upstream, downstream, or both).
Firewall
Any method of protecting a computer or LAN connected to the
Internet from intrusion or attack from the outside. Some firewall
protection can be provided by packet filtering and Network
Address Translation services.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol - A program used to transfer files between
computers connected to the Internet.
Common uses include
uploading new or updated files to a web server, and downloading
files from a web server.
GGP
Gateway to Gateway Protocol. An Internet protocol that specifies
how gateway routers communicate with each other.
Gbps
Abbreviation for Gigabits (GIG-uh-bits) per second, or one
billion bits per second. Internet data rates are often expressed in
Gbps.
GRE
Generic Routing Encapsulation. TCP/IP protocol suite, transport
layer encapsulation protocol.
hop
When you send data through the Internet, it is sent first from
your computer to a router, and then from one router to another
until it finally reaches a router that is directly connected to the
recipient. Each individual “leg” of the data’s journey is called a
hop.
hop count
The number of hops that data has taken on its route to its
destination. Alternatively, the maximum number of hops that a
packet is allowed to take before being discarded , See also TTL.
host
A device (usually a computer) connected to a network.
HTTP
Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol HTTP is the main protocol used to
transfer data from web sites so that it can be displayed by web
browsers. See also web browser
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol An Internet protocol used to
report errors and other network-related information. The ping
command makes use of ICMP.
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IGMP
Internet Group Management Protocol An Internet protocol that
enables a computer to share information about its membership in
multicast groups with adjacent routers. A multicast group of
computers is one whose members have designated as interested
in receiving specific content from the others. Multicasting to an
IGMP group can be used to simultaneously update the address
books of a group of mobile computer users or to send company
newsletters to a distribution list.
in-line filter
See Microfilter
Internet
The global collection of interconnected networks used for both
private and business communications.
intranet
A private, company-internal network that looks like part of the
Internet (users access information using web browsers), but is
accessible only by employees.
IP
See TCP/IP.
IP address
Internet Protocol address The address of a host (computer) on
the Internet, consisting of four numbers, each from 0 to 255,
separated by periods, e.g., 209.191.4.240. An IP address consists
of a network ID that identifies the particular network the host
belongs to, and a host ID uniquely identifying the host itself on
that network. A network mask is used to define the network ID
and the host ID. Because IP addresses are difficult to remember,
they usually have an associated domain name that can be
specified instead. See also domain name, network mask.
ISP
Internet Service Provider A company that provides Internet
access to its customers, usually for a fee.
LAN
Local Area Network A network limited to a small geographic
area, such as a home, office, or small building.
LED
Light Emitting Diode An electronic light-emitting device. The
indicator lights on the front of the My ADSL Modem are LEDs.
MAC address
Media Access Control address The permanent hardware address
of a device, assigned by its manufacturer. MAC addresses are
expressed as six pairs of characters.
mask
:
See network mask.
Mbps
Abbreviation for Megabits per second, or one million bits per
second. Network data rates are often expressed in Mbps.
Microfilter
In splitterless deployments, a microfilter is a device that removes
the data frequencies in the DSL signal, so that telephone users do
not experience interference (noise) from the data signals.
Microfilter types include in-line (installs between phone and
jack) and wall-mount (telephone jack with built-in microfilter).
See also splitterless.
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NAT
Network Address Translation A service performed by many
routers that translates your network’s publicly known IP address
into a Private IP address for each computer on your LAN.
Only
your router and your LAN know these addresses; the outside
world sees only the public IP address when talking to a computer
on your LAN.
NAT rule
A defined method for translating between public and private IP
addresses on your LAN.
network
A group of computers that are connected together, allowing them
to communicate with each other and share resources, such as
software, files, etc.A network can be small, such as a LAN, or
very large, such as the Internet.
network mask
A network mask is a sequence of bits applied to an IP address to
select the network ID while ignoring the host ID. Bits set to 1
mean "select this bit" while bits set to 0 mean "ignore this bit."
For example, if the network mask 255.255.255.0 is applied to the
IP address 100.10.50.1, the network ID is 100.10.50, and the host
ID is 1. See also binary, IP address, subnet
NIC
Network Interface Card An adapter card that plugs into your
computer and provides the physical interface to your network
cabling, which for Ethernet NICs is typically an RJ-45 connector.
See Ethernet, RJ-45.
packet
Data transmitted on a network consists of units called packets.
Each packet contains a payload (the data), plus overhead
information such as where it came from (source address) and
where it should go (destination address).
ping
Packet Internet (or Inter-Network) Groper A program used to
verify whether the host associated with an IP address is online. It
can also be used to reveal the IP address for a given domain
name.
port
A physical access point to a device such as a computer or router,
through which data flows into and out of the device.
POTS
Plain Old Telephone Service Traditional analog telephone service
using copper telephone lines. Pronounced pots. See also PSTN.
POTS splitter
See splitter.
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol A protocol for serial data transmission
that is used to carry IP (and other protocol) data between your
ISP and your computer. The WAN interface on the My ADSL
Modem uses two forms of PPP called PPPoA and PPPoE. See
also PPPoA, PPPoE.

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