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65
Appendix F: Glossary
Compact Wireless-G Broadband Router
Appendix F: Glossary
802.11a
- A wireless networking standard that specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 54Mbps and an
operating frequency of 5GHz.
802.11b
- A wireless networking standard that specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 11Mbps and an
operating frequency of 2.4GHz.
802.11g
- A wireless networking standard that specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 54Mbps, an operating
frequency of 2.4GHz, and backward compatibility with 802.11b devices.
Access Point
- A device that allows wireless-equipped computers and other devices to communicate with a
wired network. Also used to expand the range of a wireless network.
Adapter
- A device that adds network functionality to your PC.
Ad-hoc
- A group of wireless devices communicating directly with each other (peer-to-peer) without the use of
an access point.
AES
(
A
dvanced
E
ncryption
S
tandard) - A security method that uses symmetric 128-bit block data encryption.
Backbone
- The part of a network that connects most of the systems and networks together, and handles the
most data.
Bandwidth
- The transmission capacity of a given device or network.
Beacon Interval
- Data transmitted on your wireless network that keeps the network synchronized.
Bit
- A binary digit.
Boot
- To start a device and cause it to start executing instructions.
Bridge
- A device that connects different networks.
Broadband
- An always-on, fast Internet connection.
Browser
- An application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the
World Wide Web.
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66
Appendix F: Glossary
Compact Wireless-G Broadband Router
Buffer
- A shared or assigned memory area that is used to support and coordinate different computing and
networking activities so one isn't held up by the other.
Byte
- A unit of data that is usually eight bits long
Cable Modem
- A device that connects a computer to the cable television network, which in turn connects to the
Internet.
CSMA/CA
(
C
arrier
S
ense
M
ultiple
A
ccess/
C
ollision
A
voidance) - A method of data transfer that is used to prevent
data collisions.
CTS
(
C
lear
T
o
S
end) - A signal sent by a wireless device, signifying that it is ready to receive data.
Daisy Chain
- A method used to connect devices in a series, one after the other.
Database
- A collection of data that is organized so that its contents can easily be accessed, managed, and
updated.
DDNS
(
D
ynamic
D
omain
N
ame
S
ystem) - Allows the hosting of a website, FTP server, or e-mail server with a
fixed domain name (e.g., www.xyz.com) and a dynamic IP address.
Default Gateway
- A device that forwards Internet traffic from your local area network.
DHCP
(
D
ynamic
H
ost
C
onfiguration
P
rotocol) - A networking protocol that allows administrators to assign
temporary IP addresses to network computers by “leasing” an IP address to a user for a limited amount of time,
instead of assigning permanent IP addresses.
DMZ
(
D
e
m
ilitarized
Z
one) - Removes the Router's firewall protection from one PC, allowing it to be “seen” from
the Internet.
DNS
(
D
omain
N
ame
S
erver) - The IP address of your ISP's server, which translates the names of websites into IP
addresses.
Domain
- A specific name for a network of computers.
Download
- To receive a file transmitted over a network.
DSL
(
D
igital
S
ubscriber
L
ine) - An always-on broadband connection over traditional phone lines.
DSSS
(
D
irect-
S
equence
S
pread-
S
pectrum) - Frequency transmission with a redundant bit pattern resulting in a
lower probability of information being lost in transit.
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67
Appendix F: Glossary
Compact Wireless-G Broadband Router
DTIM
(
D
elivery
T
raffic
I
ndication
M
essage) - A message included in data packets that can increase wireless
efficiency.
Dynamic IP Address
- A temporary IP address assigned by a DHCP server.
EAP
(
E
xtensible
A
uthentication
P
rotocol) - A general authentication protocol used to control network access.
Many specific authentication methods work within this framework.
EAP-PEAP
(
E
xtensible
A
uthentication
P
rotocol-
P
rotected
E
xtensible
A
uthentication
P
rotocol) - A mutual
authentication method that uses a combination of digital certificates and another system, such as passwords.
EAP-TLS
(
E
xtensible
A
uthentication
P
rotocol-
T
ransport
L
ayer
S
ecurity) - A mutual authentication method that
uses digital certificates.
Encryption
- Encoding data transmitted in a network.
Ethernet
- A networking protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a common transmission
medium.
Finger
- A program that tells you the name associated with an e-mail address.
Firewall
- A set of related programs located at a network gateway server that protects the resources of a
network from users from other networks.
Firmware
- The programming code that runs a networking device.
Fragmentation
-Breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that cannot
support the original size of the packet.
FTP
(
F
ile
T
ransfer
P
rotocol) - A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network.
Full Duplex
- The ability of a networking device to receive and transmit data simultaneously.
Gateway
- A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatible communications protocols.
Half Duplex
- Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a single line, but only one direction at a
time.
Hardware
- The physical aspect of computers, telecommunications, and other information technology devices.
HTTP
(
H
yper
T
ext
T
ransport
P
rotocol) - The communications protocol used to connect to servers on the World
Wide Web.
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68
Appendix F: Glossary
Compact Wireless-G Broadband Router
Infrastructure
- A wireless network that is bridged to a wired network via an access point.
IP
(
I
nternet
P
rotocol) - A protocol used to send data over a network.
IP Address
- The address used to identify a computer or device on a network.
IPCONFIG
- A Windows 2000 and XP utility that displays the IP address for a particular networking device.
IPSec
(
I
nternet
P
rotocol
Sec
urity) - A VPN protocol used to implement secure exchange of packets at the IP layer.
ISM band
- Radio bandwidth utilized in wireless transmissions.
ISP
(
I
nternet
S
ervice
P
rovider) - A company that provides access to the Internet.
LAN
- The computers and networking products that make up your local network.
LEAP
(
L
ightweight
E
xtensible
A
uthentication
P
rotocol) -
A mutual authentication method that uses a username
and password system.
MAC
(
M
edia
A
ccess
C
ontrol)
Address
- The unique address that a manufacturer assigns to each networking
device.
Mbps
(
M
ega
B
its
P
er
S
econd) - One million bits per second; a unit of measurement for data transmission.
mIRC
- An Internet Relay Chat program that runs under Windows.
Multicasting
- Sending data to a group of destinations at once.
NAT
(
N
etwork
A
ddress
T
ranslation) - NAT technology translates IP addresses of a local area network to a different
IP address for the Internet.
Network
- A series of computers or devices connected for the purpose of data sharing, storage, and/or
transmission between users.
NNTP
(
N
etwork
N
ews
T
ransfer
P
rotocol)
- The protocol used to connect to Usenet groups on the Internet.
Node
- A network junction or connection point, typically a computer or work station.
OFDM
(
O
rthogonal
F
requency
D
ivision
M
ultiplexing) - Frequency transmission that separates the data stream
into a number of lower-speed data streams, which are then transmitted in parallel to prevent information from
being lost in transit.
Packet
- A unit of data sent over a network.
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69
Appendix F: Glossary
Compact Wireless-G Broadband Router
Passphrase
- Used much like a password, a passphrase simplifies the WEP encryption process by automatically
generating the WEP encryption keys for Linksys products.
PEAP
(
P
rotected
E
xtensible
A
uthentication
P
rotocol) - A mutual authentication method that uses a combination
of digital certificates and another system, such as passwords.
Ping
(
P
acket
IN
ternet
G
roper) - An Internet utility used to determine whether a particular IP address is online.
POP3
(
P
ost
O
ffice
P
rotocol
3
) - A standard mail server commonly used on the Internet.
Port
- The connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in cables or adapters.
P
ower
o
ver
E
thernet (
PoE
) - A technology enabling an Ethernet network cable to deliver both data and power.
PPPoE
(
P
oint to
P
oint
P
rotocol
o
ver
E
thernet) - A type of broadband connection that provides authentication
(username and password) in addition to data transport.
PPTP
(
P
oint-to-
P
oint
T
unneling
P
rotocol) - A VPN protocol that allows the Point to Point Protocol (PPP) to be
tunneled through an IP network. This protocol is also used as a type of broadband connection in Europe.
Preamble
- Part of the wireless signal that synchronizes network traffic.
RADIUS
(
R
emote
A
uthentication
D
ial-
I
n
U
ser
S
ervice) - A protocol that uses an authentication server to control
network access.
RJ-45
(
R
egistered
J
ack
-45
) - An Ethernet connector that holds up to eight wires.
Roaming
- The ability to take a wireless device from one access point's range to another without losing the
connection.
Router
- A networking device that connects multiple networks together.
RTS
(
R
equest
T
o
S
end) - A networking method of coordinating large packets through the RTS Threshold setting.
Server
- Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing, communications,
and other services.
SMTP
(
S
imple
M
ail
T
ransfer
P
rotocol)
- The standard e-mail protocol on the Internet.
SNMP
(
S
imple
N
etwork
M
anagement
P
rotocol)
- A widely used network monitoring and control protocol.
Software
- Instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs a particular task is called a
“program”.
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