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83
Appendix A: Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
About Fast Ethernet
24-Port 10/100 + 2-Port Gigabit Switch with Webview and Power over Ethernet
Appendix A: Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
About Fast Ethernet
1.
As the demand for desktop video, multimedia development, imaging, and other speed-intensive applications continues to rise, the need for high performance, fault tolerant LAN
technology will become more critical.
2.
Standard Ethernet, which has been the most popular networking technology to date with a maximum data throughput of 10Mbps (Megabits per second), is becoming
insufficient to handle the latest video, multimedia, and other speed-intensive client/server LAN applications.
3.
Among the solutions to the problem of network speed, Fast Ethernet has emerged as the most viable and economical. Capable of sending and receiving data at 100Mbps, it is
more than fast enough to handle even the most demanding video and other real-time applications.
4.
Although there are a number of different competing Fast Ethernet implementations, 100BaseTX is by far the most popular. Operating on two pairs of Category 5 unshielded
twisted-pair (UTP) cabling, 100BaseTX supports high speed signaling and is relatively inexpensive. Because it uses four wires for data transmission and the same packet
format, packet length, error control, and management information as 10BaseT, 100BaseTX can be made to communicate with slower 10BaseT equipment when routed through
a switch.
5.
This backwards compatibility is one of 100BaseTX's major advantages over other forms of Fast Ethernet; it allows critical, speed-dependent network segments to be upgraded
to 100BaseTX speeds as needed without re-wiring, refitting, and retraining an entire site. Networks can now mix both slow and fast network segments for different users or
departments. Publishing, R&D, video, multimedia, or accounting departments can enjoy a 100Mbps pace, while other corporate segments can operate at slower and more
affordable 10Mbps speeds.
About Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet runs at speeds of 1Gbps (Gigabit per second), ten times faster than 100Mbps Fast Ethernet, but it still integrates seamlessly with 100Mbps Fast Ethernet hardware.
Users can connect Gigabit Ethernet hardware with either fiber optic cabling or copper Category 5 cabling, with fiber optics more suited for network backbones. As the new Gigabit
standard gradually integrates into existing networks, current computer applications will enjoy faster access time for network data, hardware, and Internet connections.
Page 92 / 104
84
Appendix B: Cabling
Overview
24-Port 10/100 + 2-Port Gigabit Switch with Webview and Power over Ethernet
Appendix B: Cabling
Overview
Twisted Pair Cabling and Fiber Optic Cabling are discussed in this appendix.
Twisted Pair Cabling
There are different grades, or categories, of twisted-pair cabling. Category 5 is the most reliable and is highly recommended. Straight-through cables are used for connecting
computers to a hub. Crossover cables are used for connecting a hub to another hub (there is an exception: some hubs have a built-in uplink port that is crossed internally, which
allows you to link or connect hubs together with a straight-through cable instead).
You can buy pre-made Category 5 cabling, or cut and crimp your own. Category 5 cables can be purchased or crimped as either straight-through or crossover cables. A Category 5
cable has 8 thin, color-coded wires inside that run from one end of the cable to the other. All 8 wires are used. In a straight-through cable, wires 1, 2, 3, and 6 at one end of the
cable are also wires 1, 2, 3, and 6 at the other end. In a crossover cable, the order of the wires change from one end to the other: wire 1 becomes 3, and 2 becomes 6. See the
diagrams on this page for more detailed information on straight-through and crossover cabling.
To determine which wire is wire number 1, hold the cable so that the end of the plastic RJ-45 tip (the part that goes into a wall jack first) is facing away from you. Face the clip
down so that the copper side faces up (the springy clip will now be parallel to the floor). When looking down on the copper side, wire 1 will be on the far left.
Fiber Optic Cabling
Fiber optic cabling is made from flexible, optically efficient strands of glass and coated with a layer of rubber tubing, fiber optics use photons of light instead of electrons to send
and receive data. Although fiber is physically capable of carrying terabits of data per second, the signaling hardware currently on the market can handle no more than a few
gigabits of data per second.
Fiber cables come with two main types. The most commonly used fiber optic cable is multi-mode fiber cable (MMF), with a 62.5 micron fiber optic core. Single-mode fiber cabling
is somewhat more efficient than multi-mode but far more expensive, due to its smaller optic core that helps retain the intensity of traveling light signals. A fiber connection always
requires two fiber cables: one transmits data, and the other receives it.
Each fiber optic cable is tipped with a connector that fits into a fiber port on a network adapter, hub, or switch. In the U. S., most cables use a square SC connector that slides and
locks into place when plugged into a port or connected to another cable. In Europe, the round ST connector is more prevalent.
You must use the Linksys MGBT1, MGBSX1, or MGBLH1 miniGBIC modules with the Linksys SRW224P. The MGBSX1 and the MGBLH1 require fiber cabling with LC connectors. The
MGBT1 requires a Category 5 Ethernet Cable with an RJ-45 connector.
Page 93 / 104
85
Appendix C: Glossary
24-Port 10/100 + 2-Port Gigabit Switch with Webview and Power over Ethernet
Appendix C: Glossary
This glossary contains some basic networking terms you may come across when using this product. For more advanced terms, see the complete Linksys glossary at http://
www.linksys.com/glossary.
Bandwidth
- The transmission capacity of a given device or network.
Bit
- A binary digit.
Boot
- To start a device and cause it to start executing instructions.
Broadband
- An always-on, fast Internet connection.
Browser
- An application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web.
Byte
- A unit of data that is usually eight bits long
DDNS
(
D
ynamic
D
omain
N
ame
S
ystem) - Allows the hosting of a website, FTP server, or e-mail server with a fixed domain name (e.g., www.xyz.com) and a dynamic IP address.
Default Gateway
- A device that forwards Internet traffic from your local area network.
DHCP
(
D
ynamic
H
ost
C
onfiguration
P
rotocol) - A networking protocol that allows administrators to assign temporary IP addresses to network computers by "leasing" an IP address
to a user for a limited amount of time, instead of assigning permanent IP addresses.
DNS
(
D
omain
N
ame
S
erver) - The IP address of your ISP's server, which translates the names of websites into IP addresses.
Domain
- A specific name for a network of computers.
Download
- To receive a file transmitted over a network.
Dynamic IP Address
- A temporary IP address assigned by a DHCP server.
Ethernet
- IEEE standard network protocol that specifies how data is placed on and retrieved from a common transmission medium.
Firewall
- A set of related programs located at a network gateway server that protects the resources of a network from users from other networks.
Firmware
- The programming code that runs a networking device.
FTP
(
F
ile
T
ransfer
P
rotocol) - A protocol used to transfer files over a TCP/IP network.
Page 94 / 104
86
Appendix C: Glossary
24-Port 10/100 + 2-Port Gigabit Switch with Webview and Power over Ethernet
Full Duplex
- The ability of a networking device to receive and transmit data simultaneously.
Gateway
- A device that interconnects networks with different, incompatible communications protocols.
Half Duplex
- Data transmission that can occur in two directions over a single line, but only one direction at a time.
HTTP
(
H
yper
T
ext
T
ransport
P
rotocol) - The communications protocol used to connect to servers on the World Wide Web.
IP
(
I
nternet
P
rotocol) - A protocol used to send data over a network.
IP Address
- The address used to identify a computer or device on a network.
MAC
(
M
edia
A
ccess
C
ontrol)
Address
- The unique address that a manufacturer assigns to each networking device.
Mbps
(
M
ega
B
its
P
er
S
econd) - One million bits per second; a unit of measurement for data transmission.
Network
- A series of computers or devices connected for the purpose of data sharing, storage, and/or transmission between users.
Packet
- A unit of data sent over a network.
Port
- The connection point on a computer or networking device used for plugging in cables or adapters.
P
ower
o
ver
E
thernet (
PoE
) - A technology enabling an Ethernet network cable to deliver both data and power.
PPPoE
(
P
oint to
P
oint
P
rotocol
o
ver
E
thernet) - A type of broadband connection that provides authentication (username and password) in addition to data transport.
RADIUS
(
R
emote
A
uthentication
D
ial-
I
n
U
ser
S
ervice) - A protocol that uses an authentication server to control network access.
RJ-45
(
R
egistered
J
ack
-45
) - An Ethernet connector that holds up to eight wires.
Server
- Any computer whose function in a network is to provide user access to files, printing, communications, and other services.
SMTP
(
S
imple
M
ail
T
ransfer
P
rotocol)
- The standard e-mail protocol on the Internet.
SNMP
(
S
imple
N
etwork
M
anagement
P
rotocol)
- A widely used network monitoring and control protocol.
Static IP Address
- A fixed address assigned to a computer or device that is connected to a network.
Static Routing
- Forwarding data in a network via a fixed path.
Subnet Mask
- An address code that determines the size of the network.
Page 95 / 104
87
Appendix C: Glossary
24-Port 10/100 + 2-Port Gigabit Switch with Webview and Power over Ethernet
Switch
- 1. A data switch that connects computing devices to host computers, allowing a large number of devices to share a limited number of ports. 2. A device for making,
breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical circuit.
TCP
(
T
ransmission
C
ontrol
P
rotocol) - A network protocol for transmitting data that requires acknowledgement from the recipient of data sent.
TCP/IP
(
T
ransmission
C
ontrol
P
rotocol/
I
nternet
P
rotocol) - A set of instructions PCs use to communicate over a network.
Telnet
- A user command and TCP/IP protocol used for accessing remote PCs.
TFTP
(
T
rivial
F
ile
T
ransfer
P
rotocol) - A version of the TCP/IP FTP protocol that has no directory or password capability.
Throughput
- The amount of data moved successfully from one node to another in a given time period.
TX Rate
- Transmission Rate.
Upgrade
- To replace existing software or firmware with a newer version.
Upload
- To transmit a file over a network.
URL
(
U
niform
R
esource
L
ocator) - The address of a file located on the Internet.

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