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Page 111 / 122 Scroll up to view Page 106 - 110
MBR L13
–
User’s
Guide
111
Acronym
Definition
USB
Universal Serial Bus
VPN
Virtual Private Network
WAN
Wide Area Network
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User’s
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3
Glossary
100Base-T
Also known as "Fast Ethernet," an Ethernet cable standard with a data transfer rate of up to 100 Mbps.
10Base-T
An older Ethernet cable standard with a data transfer rate of up to 10 Mbps.
802.11, 802.11b
A family of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)-defined specifications for wireless
networks. Includes the 802.11b standard, which supports high-speed (up to 11 Mbps) wireless data transmission.
802.3
The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - defined specification that describes the
characteristics of Ethernet (wired) connections.
Access point
A device that exchanges data between computers on a network. An access point typically does not have
any Firewall or NAT capabilities.
Ad hoc network
A solely wireless computer-to-computer network. Unlike an infrastructure network, an ad hoc
network does not include a gateway router.
Adapter
Also known as a "network interface card" (NIC). An expansion card or other device used to provide network
access to a computer, printer, or other device.
Administrator
A person responsible for planning, configuring, and managing the day-to-day operation of a computer
network. The duties of an administrator include installing new workstations and other devices, adding and removing
individuals from the list of authorized users, archiving files, overseeing password protection and other security
measures, monitoring usage of shared resources, and handling malfunctioning equipment.
Authentication
The process of identifying an individual usually based on a username and password. In security
systems, authentication is distinct from authorization, which is the process of giving individuals access to system
objects based on their identity. Authentication merely ensures that the individual is who he or she claims to be, but
says nothing about the access rights of the individual.
Bandwidth
The amount of information, or size of file, that can be sent through a network connection at one time. A
connection with more bandwidth can transfer information more quickly.
Bridge
A device that forwards packets of information from one segment of a network to another. A bridge forwards
only those packets necessary for communication between the segments.
Broadband connection
A high-speed connection, typically 256 Kbps or faster. Broadband services include cable
modems and DSL.
Broadband modem
A device that enables a broadband connection to access the Internet. The two most common
types of broadband modems are cable modems, which rely on cable television infrastructure, and DSL modems, which
rely on telephone lines operating at DSL speeds.
Broadcast
Broadcasting sends a message to everyone on the network whereas multicasting sends a message to a
select list of recipients.
Bus
A set of hardware lines used for data transfer among the components of a computer system. A bus essentially
allows different parts of the system to share data. For example, a bus connects the disk-drive controller, memory, and
input/output ports to the microprocessor.
Cable modem
A device that enables a broadband connection to access the Internet. Cable modems rely on cable
television infrastructure, in other words, the data travels on the same lines as your cable television.
CAT 5 cable
Abbreviation for "Category 5 cable." A type of Ethernet cable that has a maximum data rate of 100 Mbps.
Channel
A path or link through which information passes between two devices.
CHAP
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol, a type of authentication in which the authentication agent
(typically a network server) sends the client program a random value, that is used only once, and an ID value. The
sender and peer must share a predefined secret key.
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Client
Any computer or program that connects to, or requests the services of, another computer or program on a
network. For a local area network or the Internet, a client is a computer that uses shared network resources provided
by a server.
Client/server network
A network of two or more computers that rely on a central server to mediate the connections
or provide additional system resources. This dependence on a server differentiating a client/server network from a
peer-to-peer network.
Computer name
A name that uniquely identifies a computer on the network so that all its shared resources can be
accessed by other computers on the network. One computer name cannot be the same as any other computer or
domain name on the network.
Crossover cable
A type of cable that facilitates network communications. A crossover cable is a cable that is used to
interconnect two computers by "crossing over" (reversing) their respective pin contacts.
DHCP
Acronym for
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
.
A TCP/IP protocol that automatically assigns temporary IP
addresses to computers on a local area network (LAN). L13 supports the use of DHCP. You can use DHCP to share one
Internet connection with multiple computers on a network.
Dial-up connection
An Internet connection of limited duration that uses a public telephone network rather than a
dedicated circuit or some other type of private network.
DMZ
Acronym for
demilitarized zone
. A collection of devices and subnets placed between a private network and the
Internet to help protect the private network from unauthorized Internet users.
DNS
Acronym for
Domain Name System
. A data query service chiefly used on the Internet for translating host names
into Internet addresses. The DNS database maps DNS domain names to IP addresses so that users can locate
computers and services through user-friendly names.
Domain
In a networked computer environment, a collection of computers that share a common domain database and
security policy. A domain is administered as a unit with common rules and procedures and each domain has a unique
name.
Domain name
An address of a network connection that identifies the owner of that address in a hierarchical format:
server.organization.type. For example, http://www.whitehouse.gov identifies the Web server at the WhiteHouse,
which is part of the U.S. government.
Drive
An area of storage that is formatted with a file system and has a drive letter. The storage can be a floppy disk
(which is often represented by drive A), a hard disk (usually drive C), a CD-ROM (usually drive D), or another type of
disk. You can view the contents of a drive by clicking the drives icon in Windows Explorer or My Computer. Drive C
(also known as the hard disk), contains the computers operating system and the programs that have been installed on
the computer. It also has the capacity to store many of the files and folders that you create.
Driver
Within a networking context, a device that mediates communication between a computer and a network
adapter installed on that computer.
DSL
Acronym for
Digital Subscriber Line
. A constant, high-speed digital connection to the Internet that uses standard
copper telephone wires.
DSL modem
A device that enables a broadband connection to access the Internet. DSL modems rely on telephone
lines that operate at DSL speeds.
Duplex
A mode of connection. Full-duplex transmission allows for the simultaneous transfer of information between
the sender and the receiver. Half-duplex transmission allows for the transfer of information in only one direction at a
time.
Dynamic IP address
The IP address assigned (using the DHCP protocol) to a device that requires it. A dynamic IP
address can also be assigned to a gateway or router by an ISP.
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Edge computer
The computer on a network that connects the network to the Internet. Other devices on the network
connect to this computer. The computer running the most current, reliable operating system is the best choice to
designate as the edge computer.
Encryption
The translation of data into a secret code. Encryption is the most effective way to achieve data security. To
read an encrypted file, you must have access to a secret key or password that enables you to decrypt it.
Ethernet
Networking standard that uses cables to provide network access. Ethernet is the most widely-installed
technology to connect computers together.
Ethernet cable
A type of cable that facilitates network communications. There are a couple of types of Ethernet
cables: the twisted pair and the coax Ethernet cables. Each of these allow data to travel at 10Mbit per second.
Firewall
A security system that helps protect a network from external threats, such as hacker attacks, originating
outside the network. A hardware Firewall is a connection routing device that has specific data checking settings and
that helps protect all of the devices connected to it.
Firmware
Software information stored in nonvolatile memory on a device.
Flash memory
A type of memory that does not lose data when power is removed from it. Flash memory is commonly
used as a supplement to or replacement for hard disks in portable computers. In this context, flash memory either is
built in to the unit or, more commonly, is available as a PC Card that can be plugged in to a PCMCIA slot.
FTP
Acronym for
File Transfer Protocol
. The standard Internet protocol for downloading, or transferring, files from one
computer to another.
Gateway
A device that acts as a central point for network devices, receives transmitted messages, and forwards them.
L13 can link many computers on a single network and can share an encrypted Internet connection with wired and
wireless devices.
Gateway address
The IP address you use when you make a connection outside your immediate network.
Hexadecimal
A numbering system that uses 16 rather than 10 as the base for representing numbers. It is therefore
referred to as a base-16 numbering system. The hexadecimal system uses the digits 0 through 9 and the letters A
through F (uppercase or lowercase) to represent the decimal numbers 0 through 15. For example, the hexadecimal
letter D represents the decimal number 13. One hexadecimal digit is equivalent to 4 bits, and 1 byte can be expressed
by two hexadecimal digits.
HomePNA
An industry standard that ensures that through existing telephone lines and a registered jack, computer
users on a home network can share resources (such as an Internet connection, files, and printers) without interfering
with regular telephone service. HomePNA currently offers data transmission speeds of up to 10 Mbps.
HomeRF
An industry standard that combines 802.11b and portable phone standards for home networking. It uses
frequency hopping (switching of radio frequencies within a given bandwidth to reduce the risk of unauthorized signal
interception). HomeRF offers data transmission speeds of up to 1.6 Mbps at distances of up to 150 feet.
Host name
The DNS name of a device on a network, used to simplify the process of locating computers on a network.
Hub
A device that has multiple ports and that serves as a central connection point for communication lines from all
devices on a network. When data arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports.
IEEE
Acronym for
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
. A society of engineering and electronics
professionals that develops standards for the electrical, electronics, computer engineering, and science-related
industries. The IEEE (Eye-triple-E) is a non-profit, technical professional association of more than 377,000 individual
members in 150 countries. The full name is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., although the
organization is most popularly known and referred to by the letters I-E-E-E.
Infrastructure network
A network configuration in which wireless devices connect to a wireless access point (such as
an MBR) instead of connecting to each other directly.
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Internet domain
In a networked computer environment, a collection of computers that share a common domain
database and security policy. A domain is administered as a unit with common rules and procedures, and each domain
has a unique name.
Intranet
A network within an organization that uses Internet technologies (such as a Web browser for viewing
information) and protocols (such as TCP/IP), but is available only to certain people, such as employees of a company.
It is also called a private network. Some intranets offer access to the Internet, but such connections are directed
through a Firewall.
IP
Acronym for
Internet Protocol
. The protocol within TCP/IP that is used to send data between computers over the
Internet. More specifically, this protocol governs the routing of data messages which are transmitted in smaller
components called packets.
IP address
Acronym for
Internet Protocol address
. IP is the protocol within TCP/IP that is used to send data between
computers over the Internet. An IP address is an assigned number used to identify a computer that is connected to a
network through TCP/IP. An IP address consists of four numbers (each of which can be no greater than 255) separated
by periods, such as 192.168.1.1.
ISO/OSI reference model
Abbreviation for
International Organization for Standardization Open Systems
Interconnection reference model
. An architecture that standardizes levels of service and types of interaction for
computers that exchange information through a communications network. The ISO/OSI reference model separates
computer-to-computer communications into seven protocol layers, or levels; each builds on and relies on the
standards contained in the levels below it. The lowest of the seven layers deals solely with hardware links; the highest
deals with software interactions at the program level. It is a fundamental blueprint designed to help guide the creation
of hardware and software for networks.
ISP
Acronym for
Internet service provider
.
A company that provides individuals or companies access to the Internet.
Kbps
Abbreviation of
kilobits per second
. Data transfer speed, as through a modem or on a network, measured in
multiples of 1,000 bits per second.
LAN
Acronym for
local area network
. A group of computers and other devices dispersed over a relatively limited area
(for example, a building) and connected by a communications link that enables any device to interact with any other
on the network.
MAC address
Abbreviation for
media access control address
. The address that is used for communication between
network adapters on the same subnet. Each network adapter is manufactured with its own unique MAC address.
MAC layer
Abbreviation for
Media Access Control layer
. The lower of two sub layers that make up the data-link layer
in the ISO/OSI reference model. The MAC layer manages access to the physical network, so a protocol like Ethernet
works at this layer.
mapping
A process that allows one computer to communicate with a resource located on another computer on the
network. For example, if you want to access a folder that resides on another computer, you "map to" that folder, as
long as the computer that holds the folder has been configured to share it.
Mbps
Abbreviation of
megabits per second
. A unit of bandwidth measurement that defines the speed at which
information can be transferred through a network or Ethernet cable. One megabyte is roughly equivalent to eight
megabits.
Modem
A device that transmits and receives information between computers.
MPPE
Microsoft Point to Point Encryption (MPPE) is a means of representing Point to Point Protocol (PPP) packets in
an encrypted form.
Multicast
Transmit a single message to a select group of recipients. A simple example of multicasting is sending an e-
mail message to a mailing list. Teleconferencing and videoconferencing also use multicasting, but require more robust
protocols and networks.

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