D-Link DES-6500 Router Manual PDF (Setup & Configuration Guide)

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D-Link DES-6500 Layer 3 Stackable Gigabit Ethernet Switch

MD5 Key

The

MD5 Key Table Configuration

menu allows the entry of a 16-character Message Digest

−

version 5 (MD5) key that can be used to authenticate every packet exchanged between

OSPF routers.

It is used as a security mechanism to limit the exchange of network topology

information to the OSPF routing domain.

MD5 Keys created here can be used in the

OSPF Interface Configuration

menu below.

configure an

MD5 Key

, click the

MD5 Key

link to open the following dialog box:

Figure 4- 52. MD5 Key Table Configuration window

The following fields can be set:

Parameter

Description

Key ID

A number from 1 to 255 used to identify the MD5 Key.

Key

A alphanumeric string of between 1 and 16 case-sensitive characters used

to generate the Message Digest which is in turn, used to authenticate OSPF

packets within the OSPF routing domain.

Route Redistribution Settings

Route redistribution allows routers on the network

−

that are running different routing

protocols to exchange routing information. This is accomplished by comparing the routes

stored in the various routers routing tables and assigning appropriate metrics. This information

is then exchanged among the various routers according to the individual routers current

routing protocol.

The Switch can redistribute routing information between the OSPF and RIP

routing protocols to all routers on the network that are running OSPF or RIP. Routing

information entered into the Static Routing Table on the local DES-6500 switch is also

redistributed.

Routing information source

−

OSPF and the Static Route table.

Routing information will be

redistributed to RIP. The following table lists the allowed values for the routing metrics and

the types (or forms) of the routing information that will be redistributed.

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D-Link DES-6500 Layer 3 Stackable Gigabit Ethernet Switch

OSPF

0 to 16

All

Internal

External

ExtType1

ExtType2

Inter-E1

Inter-E2

RIP

0 to 16777214

Type 1

Type 2

Static

0 to 16777214

Type 1

Type 2

Local

0 to 16777214

Type 1

Type 2

Table 4- 4. Route Redistribution Source table

Entering the Type combination

−

internal type_1 type_2 is functionally equivalent to all.

Entering the combination type_1 type_2 is functionally equivalent to external.

Entering the

combination internal external is functionally equivalent to all.

Entering the metric 0 specifies transparency.

This window will redistribute routing information between the OSPF and RIP routing

protocols to all routers on the network that are running OSPF or RIP. To access the

Route

Redistribution Table Configuration

window, go to

Configuration > Layer 3 IP

Networking > Route Redistribution Settings

Figure 4- 53. Route Redistribution Table Configuration window

The following parameters may be set or viewed:

Parameter

Description

Src Protocol

Allows for the selection of the protocol for the source device. Choose

between

RIP

OSPF, Static

and

Local

Dest Protocol

Allows for the selection of the protocol for the destination device. Choose

between

RIP

and

OSPF.

Type

Allows for the selection of one of six methods of calculating the metric value.

Page 103 / 216

D-Link DES-6500 Layer 3 Stackable Gigabit Ethernet Switch

The user may choose between

All

Internal

External

ExtType1

ExtType2

Inter-E1

Inter-E2

. See the table above for available metric value types for

each source protocol.

Metric

Allows the entry of an OSPF interface cost.

This is analogous to a Hop

Count in the RIP routing protocol.

Static ARP Table

The

Address Resolution Protocol

(ARP) is a TCP/IP protocol that converts IP addresses into

physical addresses. This table allows network managers to view, define, modify and delete

ARP information for specific devices.

Static entries can be defined in the

ARP Table

. When static entries are defined, a permanent

entry is entered and is used to translate IP address to MAC addresses.

To open the

Static ARP Table

open the

Configuration

folder, and then open the

Layer 3 IP

Networking

folder and click on the

Static ARP Table

link.

Figure 4- 54. Static ARP Table

To add a new entry, click

Add

, revealing the following screen to configure.

Figure 4- 55. Static ARP-Add a New Entry window

The following fields can be set:

Parameter

Description

IP Address

The IP address of the ARP entry.

MAC Address

The MAC address of the ARP entry.

Page 104 / 216

D-Link DES-6500 Layer 3 Stackable Gigabit Ethernet Switch

Static/Default Route

Entries into the switch’s forwarding table can be made using both MAC addresses and IP

addresses. Static IP forwarding is accomplished by the entry of an IP address into the switch’s

Static IP Routing Table

Figure 4- 56. Static/Default Routes Table

To enter an IP address into the switch’s Static/Default Routes window, click the Add,

revealing the following window to configure.

Figure 4- 57. Static/Default Routes Table – Add a New Entry

The following fields can be set:

Parameter

Description

IP Address <

0.0.0.0

Allows the entry of an IP address that will be a static entry into the switch’s

Routing Table.

Subnet Mask

0.0.0.0

Allows the entry of a subnet mask corresponding to the IP address above.

Gateway IP <

0.0.0.0

Allows the entry of an IP address of a gateway for the IP address above.

Metric <

Allows the entry of a routing protocol metric representing the number of

routers between the switch and the IP address above.

Page 105 / 216

D-Link DES-6500 Layer 3 Stackable Gigabit Ethernet Switch

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

The Routing Information Protocol is a distance-vector routing protocol.

There are two types

of network devices running RIP – active and passive.

Active devices advertise their routes to

others through RIP messages, while passive devices listen to these messages.

Both active and

passive routers update their routing tables based upon RIP messages that active routers

exchange.

Only routers can run RIP in the active mode.

Every 30 seconds, a router running RIP broadcasts a routing update containing a set of pairs

of network addresses and a distance (represented by the number of hops or routers between

the advertising router and the remote network).

So, the vector is the network address and the

distance is measured by the number of routers between the local router and the remote

network.

RIP measures distance by an integer count of the number of hops from one network to

another.

A router is one hop from a directly connected network, two hops from a network that

can be reached through a router, etc. The

more routers between a source and a destination, the

greater the RIP distance (or hop count).

There are a few rules to the routing table update process that help to improve performance and

stability.

A router will not replace a route with a newly learned one if the new route has the

same hop count (sometimes referred to as ‘cost’).

So learned routes are retained until a new

route with a lower hop count is learned.

When learned routes are entered into the routing table, a timer is started.

This timer is

restarted every time this route is advertised.

If the route is not advertised for a period of time

(usually 180 seconds), the route is removed from the routing table.

RIP does not have an explicit method to detect routing loops.

Many RIP implementations

include an authorization mechanism (a password) to prevent a router from learning erroneous

routes from unauthorized routers.

To maximize stability, the hop count RIP uses to measure distance must have a low maximum

value.

Infinity (that is, the network is unreachable) is defined as 16 hops.

In other words, if a

network is more than 16 routers from the source, the local router will consider the network

unreachable.

RIP can also be slow to converge (to remove inconsistent, unreachable or looped routes from

the routing table) because RIP messages propagate relatively slowly through a network.

Slow convergence can be solved by using split horizon update, where a router does not

propagate information about a route back to the interface on which it was received.

This

reduces the probability of forming transient routing loops.

Hold down can be used to force a router to ignore new route updates for a period of time

(usually 60 seconds) after a new route update has been received.

This allows all routers on

the network to receive the message.

A router can ‘poison reverse’ a route by adding an infinite (16) hop count to a route’s

advertisement.

This is usually used in conjunction with triggered updates, which force a

router to send an immediate broadcast when an update of an unreachable network is received.

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