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Page 56 / 65 Scroll up to view Page 51 - 55
Glossary
E-3
DNS Server
A server that contains both the English and numerical addresses of all computers
connected to the Internet. When you specify an e-mail or IP address using the
“English” domain name, the DNS server will return the corresponding numeric
address.
Domain Name
A domain name locates an organization or other entity on the Internet.
Driver
A program that a computer uses to control the operation of a peripheral device,
such as a keyboard, modem, monitor, card, or cable.
DSSS (Direct
Sequence Spread
Spectrum)
A digital modulation technique that spreads data transmissions across the entire
available frequency band in a pre-arranged scheme. Under DSSS, each bit of data
to be transmitted is encoded with a redundant pattern called a chip. The chipping
code is known only to the sending and receiving clients, making it difficult for an
intruder to intercept and decipher the encoded wireless data. DSSS is used in IEEE
802.11b networks.
Dynamic IP address
See
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
.
Encryption
A procedure to convert a file from its original form to one that can be read only by
the intended recipient.
ESS (Extended
Service Set)
A group of wireless clients and multiple APs using the same ID (ESSID) form an
ESS.
ESSID (Extended
Service Set Identity)
An ASCII string that is used by a wireless network. Wireless clients with a different
ESSID from your network’s ESSID cannot connect to your network. An ESSID can
be as long as 32 characters.
Page 57 / 65
Glossary
E-4
Ethernet
A LAN protocol that supports data transfer rates of 10 Mbps. It is a widely
implemented LAN standard that operates over the twisted pair or coaxial cable. A
version of Ethernet, called 100 Base-T (or FastEthernet), supports data transfer
rates of 100 Mbps.
FastEthernet
An Ethernet specification with a speed of 100 Mbps (10 times faster than
10BaseT).
Fragmentation
Threshold
The size at which the transmitted data packets are fragmented. The range extends
from 256 to 2346 bytes.
Full duplex
Simultaneous and independent data transmission, between two communicating
computers, in both directions.
Half duplex
A data transmission system where two computers can send and receive data but in
which data transmission can occur in only one direction at a time.
Hexadecimal
A number system with a base of 16. The 16 digits in the hexadecimal system are
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, a, b, c, d, e, f.
Hub
A device used for connecting nodes in a star topology, that is, all the nodes are
connected to a central hub. A passive hub simply organizes the wiring, while an
active hub, besides organizing the wiring, regenerates and retransmits the signals.
IEEE 802.11
A family of wireless network standards, which includes 802.11a, 802.11b,
802.11e, and 802.11g (draft). The original 802.11 standard was first approved in
1997 but was not very successful because it was relatively slow at 2 Mbps.
IEEE 802.11b
A high-bit wireless network standard that works on the 2.4 GHz band and utilizes
DSSS (direct sequence spread spectrum) technology. It offers data bit rates of up
to 11 Mbps and the range is from 200 to 300 feet for maximum speed.
Page 58 / 65
Glossary
E-5
IEEE 802.11g (draft)
A 802.11 standard for wireless networking hardware. The 802.11g draft standard
specifies a maximum data transfer rate of 54 Mbps, an operating frequency of 2.4
GHz, backward compatibility with 802.11b devices and WEP encryption for
security.
Infrastructure mode
A LAN or other small network mode in which wireless clients are part of the
network and use one or more APs to connect to a wired network. Each AP is
connected to the Ethernet network using a standard Ethernet cable. In IEEE
802.11b specification, the infrastructure mode is referred to as the Basic Service
Set.
Interface
The physical arrangement that supports the attachment of a device to a connector
or to another device.
IP (Internet
Protocol)
The standard protocol within TCP/IP that defines the basic unit of information by
breaking down data messages into packets, routing and transporting the packets
over networks, then reassembling the packets at their destination. IP corresponds
to the Network layer (layer 3) in the ISP/OSI model.
IP address
The address for a computer on a TCP/IP network. The IP address identifies a
particular machine on a network. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric
address written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be 0 to
255, for example, 11.160.10.240 is an IP address. Any machine connected to the
Internet is assigned an IP address.
ISM (Industrial,
Scientific and
Medical) band
There are four unlicensed bands for wireless networks and these bands are
commonly known as ISM bands. These bands are found on the 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz
and 5 GHz (two) frequency bands.
KB (Kilobytes)
1 KB equals 1,024 bytes.
Page 59 / 65
Glossary
E-6
Kbps (Kilobits Per
Second)
A measure of data transfer speed.
LAN (Local Area
Network)
A computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most LANs are confined to
an office, single building, or group of buildings.
LED (Light Emitting
Diode)
An electric component that emits light (turns ON) when current flows through it.
MAC (Media Access
Control) address
A unique number that is assigned by manufacturers to each Ethernet network
device. A MAC address lets a network identify Ethernet network devices at the
hardware level.
Mbps (Megabits Per
Second)
A measure of data transfer speed.
Megabits/Megabytes
One million bits/bytes.
Modem
A device that allows a computer to transmit data to other computers.
NAT (Network
Address Translation)
An Internet standard that enables a LAN to use one set of IP addresses for internal
traffic and a second set of IP addresses for external traffic. NAT provides a type of
firewall security by hiding internal IP addresses. Since they are used internally,
such IP addresses will not be in conflict with those used by other companies and
organizations.
Network Mask
See
Subnet Mask
.
Page 60 / 65
Glossary
E-7
NIC (Network
Interface Card)
A card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. The
NIC manages the flow of network information to and from the computer.
PCMCIA (Personal
Computer Memory
Card International
Association)
An industry group organized in 1989 to promote standards for a card-size memory
or I/O device that would fit into a personal computer.
PCMCIA Card
A card-size memory or I/O device that connects to a personal computer. The
PCMCIA card has a 68-pin connector that connects into a slot in the computer.
PING (Packet
Internet Groper)
An Internet program used to determine whether a specific IP address is accessible.
It works by sending a packet to the specified address and waiting for a reply. PING
is used primarily to troubleshoot network connections.
Preamble
A preamble is a signal, in the form of series of pulses, used in network
communication to synchronize the transmission timing between two or more
systems. There are two options, Short and Long. The Short option improves
throughput performance.
Protocol
A set of agreed-upon rules for transmitting data between two devices. A user’s
computer must support the right protocols for the computer to communicate with
other computers.
Reboot
When a computer is shut down and restarted, it is rebooting.
RJ-11
A connector/socket for two pairs (four wires) of twisted pair cables that are used
primarily to connect telephone equipment in the United States.

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